Back Matter Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 96, No. 11 (May 25, 1999), pp. xi-xvi Published by: National Academy of Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/47919 . Accessed: 07/05/2014 08:42 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . National Academy of Sciences is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.136 on Wed, 7 May 2014 08:42:26 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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Back MatterSource: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,Vol. 96, No. 11 (May 25, 1999), pp. xi-xviPublished by: National Academy of SciencesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/47919 .
Accessed: 07/05/2014 08:42
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
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Abramovitz, M. 6572 Aikawa, M. 6445 Alexandratos, N. 5908 Alloway, P. G. 6072 Almazan, G. 6572 Aloe, L. 6473 Alzari, P. M. 6445 Andersson, B. 6547 Androphy, E. J. 6307 Arnould, T. 6371 Aslund, F. 6161 Auersperg, N. 6249 Baase, W. A. 6078 Baba, Y. 6341 Bamberg, T. V. 6365 Barale, J.-C. 6445 Barlow, P. W. 6529 Barton, J. K. 6014 Bass, B. L. 6048 Becker, G. 6439 Beckman, J. S. 6365 Beckwith, J. 6161 Bedoya, G. 6312 Benzing, T. 6371 Bergmark, C. 6353 Bermudez-Rattoni, F. 6478 Bertranpetit, J. 6312 Berzin, T. M. 6468 Betts, L. 6489 Bevec, D. 6229 Bhattacharya, M. 6572 Bhattacharya, S. K. 6107 Biber, J. 6573 Bindels, R. J. M. 6084 Bird, D. A. 6347 Birkenmeyer, L. G. 6573 Blanchard, S. G. 6102 Blencowe, B. J. 6125 Blisnick, T. 6445 Blow, N. S. 6279 Bohren, K. M. 6517 Bonnet, G. 6171 Borisjuk, L. G. 5973 Borisjuk, N. V. 5973 Bova, M. P. 6137 Bowler, K. 6501 Brady, R. 0. 6423 Brannvall, M. 6155 Braun-Breton, C. 6445 Breslauer, K. J. 6113 Brow, M.A. D. 6143 Burg, M. B. 6517 Burt, J. M. 6495 Buschta-Hedayat, N. 6090 Buterin, T. 6090 Butters, T. D. 6388 Canziani, G. 6359 Capodieci, P. 6382 Cappelletti, M. 6417 Carey, R. M. 6506 Caspar, D. L. D. 6119 Cassman, K. G. 5952 Centonze, V. E. 6255 Cervoni, N. 6107 Chaiken, I. 6359 Chalmers, M. L. 6573 Chan, C.-C. 6423 Chan, L.-C. 6318 Chang, M.-K. 6353 Chaplin, D. D. 6336 Chemtob, S. 6572 Chen, G.-Q. 6318 Chen, J.-Q. 6318 Chen, S.-J. 6318 Cheng, G.-X. 6318 Cheong, K. H. 6241 Cheronis, J. 6261
Chu, S. 6255 Chumley, P. H. 6365 Ciliberto, G. 6417 Cobb, J. E. 6102 Coeshott, C. 6261 Coffey, R. J. 6235 Cohen, J. E. 5903 Collins, J. L. 6102 Comella, N. 6371 Conboy, I. M. 6324 Cooper, J. P. 6102 Cordon-Cardo, C. 6382 Cortese, R. 6417 Cortina-Borja, M. 6388 Costa, P. 6417 Cronstein, B. N. 6377 Cuculescu, M. 6501 Czernichow, P. 6267 Dadras, S. 6255 Dahlberg, J. E. 6143 Davies, K. J. A. 6223 Davis, J. G. 6434 Davis, S. J. 6541 Dawson, S. P. 6060 de Jonge, H. R. 6084 Dempsey, P. J. 6235 Dennis, E. A. 6347, 6353 D'Esposito, M. 6558 Dexai, S. M. 6573 DiBattista, M. T. 6009 Dijkink, L. 6084 Ding, L. 6137 Do, V. M. 6273 Doi, T. S. 6571 Dolph, P. J. 6072 Doms, R. W. 6359 Donahue, J. E. 6468 Dong, J. 6235 Dong, S. 6318 Dong, X. 6523 Dorn, G. W., II 6400 Dube, S. 6394 Durocher, Y. 6572 Dushenkov, S. 5973 Dwek, R. A. 6388 Dyson, T. 5929 Dzau, V. J. 6411 Eaton, W. A. 5897 Ebrey, T. G. 6189 Ehrhardt, M. R. 6571 Eiserich, J. P. 6365 Eldridge, A. G. 6125 Elfgang, C. 6229 Elliott, S. 6205 Erker, J. C. 6573 Ervin, J. 6031 Est6vez, A. G. 6365 Evenson, R. E. 5921 Fabianek, R. A. 6462 Fallon, J. R. 6468 Fan, W. 6523 Fancy, D. A. 6020 Fattori, E. 6417 Feakes, D. A. 6406 Fedoroff, N. V. 5903 Feher, G. 6183 Feldman, M. W. 6312 Fiebig, T. 6014 Figueroa, M. 6312 Fiser, A. 6285 Fisher, J. 6249 Flynn, P. F. 6571 Forde, B. G. 6529 Freeman, B. A. 6365 Friedman, P. 6347, 6353 Fu, Y.-X. 6336 Fujioka, H. 6445
Fukaki, H. 6535 Gabbay, K. H. 6517 Gambaryan, S. 6084 Gao, C. 6025 Gao, J. 6199 Garcia, L. F. 6312 Gavrilova, N. 6199 Gelfand, C. A. 6113 Georgescu, M.-M. 6211 Gibbons, G. H. 6411 Gillotte, K. L. 6347 Glass, D. J. 6468 Gleba, D. 5973 Gleba, Y. Y. 5973 Glew, C. P. 6564 Goldstein, D. B. 6312 G6mez-Pompa, A. 5982 Good, R. A. 6571 Goodman, R. M. 6451 Goreham, D. M. 6102 Gottesman, S. 6064 Graige, M. S. 6183 Grate, D. 6131 Greene, M. I. 6434 Griffin, T. J. 6301 Grove, B. D. 6249 Gruebele, M. 6031 Grummt, I. 6096 Grune, T. 6223 Guo, W.-M. 6318 Hahnen, E. 6307 Haley, D. A. 6137 Hall, J. G. 6301 Han, K.-H. 6353 Hanafusa, H. 6211 Handelsman, J. 6451 Hashimoto, S. 6341 Hass, R. 6223 Hatakeyama, S. 6571 Hathaway, D. K. 6406 Hattori, K. 6571 Hauber, J. 6229 He, D. S. 6495 He, X. 6273 Helms, V. 6177 Hengge-Aronis, R. 6439 Hennecke, H. 6462 Herrera-Estrella, L. 5978 Hess, M. T. 6090 Higashi, H. 6571 Hockberger, P. E. 6255 Hoenderop, J. G. J. 6084 Hofer, L. 6229 Hoffman, T. L. 6359 Hoisington, D. 5937 Holmes, C. P. 6102 H6rkk6, S. 6347, 6353 Horwitz, J. 6137 Hou, X. 6572 Hoxie, J. A. 6359 Hoyt, E. G. 6411 Huang, L. 6571 Huang, Q. 6137 Huang, Q.-H. 6318 Hull-Ryde, E. A. 6102 Hundal, T. 6547 Hunnam, V. 6388 Hunter, T. 6193 Hutchinson, H. 6411 Hyde, D. 6501 Ichiki, T. 6506 Idris, A. H. 6330 lizuka, K. 6336 Inagami, T. 6506 Ishimaru, S. 6211 Itoh, N. 6267 Iwasa, T. 6189
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Jacobs, C. 5891 Jaksche, H. 6229 Janda, K. D. 6025 Janzen, D. 5987 Jennings, A. 6529 Jeyakumar, M. 6388 Jiang, J. X. 6495 Jiang, W. 6193 Jin, X. L. 6318 Johnson, D. G. 5915 Jones, P. L. 5894 Jones, P. P. 6324 Juarez-Perez, M. 1. 6571 Kato, Y. 6273 Kaus, A. 5982 Keizer, J. 6060 Kelley, S. 0. 6014 Khairallah, M. 5937 Kikkawa, S. 6189 Kim, E. 6371 Kinkema, M. 6523 Kirsch, K. H. 6211 Kirsebom, L. A. 6155 Kishimoto, T. 6341 Kishore, G. M. 5968 Kitagawa, M. 6571 Klauck, E. 6439 Klein, J. 6096 Kliewer, S. A. 6102 Klimov, D. K. 6166 Kneer, R. 5973 Knop, M. 6205 Koch, W. J. 6400 Kocher, 0. 6371 Kodadek, T. 6020 Koff, A. 6382 Kopp, J. 6423 Kramer, F. R. 6171, 6394 Kravchenko, S. V. 5900 Kroona, H. 6261 Kulkarni, A. B. 6423 Kurepa, J. 6541 Kurosaki, M. 6341 Kurosaki, T. 6341 LaBranche, C. C. 6359 La Monica, N. 6417 Langhoff, P. W. 6177 Langsley, G. 6445 Laufer, R. 6417 Lauffenburger, D. A. 6235 Laurila, A. 6353 Lavin, C. 6255 Lazzaro, D. 6417 Leary, T. P. 6573 Leder, A. 6291 Leder, P. 6291 Lederer, E. 6573 Lee, M. J. 6291 Lee, W.-H. 6571 Lehmann, J. M. 6102 Leimer, A. H. 6261 Lenhard, J. M. 6102 Lerner, R. A. 6025 Lesche, R. 6199 Li, D.-M. 6199 Li, S. 6571 Li, X. 6523 Li, Y. 6125 Liao, B. 6217 Libchaber, A. 6171 Liggett, S. B. 6400 Liliental, J. 6199 Liu, C. 6273 Liu, J.-X. 6318 Liu, X. 6199 Liu, Y.-G. 6535 Lo, C.-H. L. 6025
Logan, T. M. 6119 Logendra, S. 5973 Lohmann, F. 6547 Lohmann, S. M. 6084 Lorenz, J. N. 6400 Lorson, C. L. 6307 Luby-Phelps, K. 6217 Lundeberg, T. 6473 Lyamichev, V. 6143 McCammon, J. A. 6177 Mahncke, H. 6483 Maines-Bandiera, S. 6249 Maione, D. 6417 Majda, A. J. 6009 Majithia, A. R. 6394 Mangion, J. 6489 Mann, M. J. 6411 Manoli, D. 6324 Mao, S. 6025 Marcus, J. 6564 Marino, M. W. 6571 Marras, S. A. E. 6394 Mason, L. H. 6330 Mathiesen, I. 6417 Matsumoto, M. 6571 Matsushita, M. 6341 Matthews, B. W. 6078 Men, X.-Q. 6318 Merzenich, M. M. 6483 Mesa, N. 6312 Mhaiskar, V. 6324 Mielewczyk, S. 6113 Mikkelsen, N. E. 6155 Milburn, M. V. 6102 Miller, A. B. 6102 Miller, V. L. 6456 Miralles, F. 6267 Miranda, M. I. 6478 Missura, M. 6090 Mitsui, A. 6054 Mohr, C. P. 6102 Montesinos, M. C. 6377 Moore, L. B. 6102 Morse, D. P. 6048 Morton, V. S. 6406 Mueller, B. 6199 Muerhoff, A. S. 6573 Muller, M. 6285 Muinera, J. G. 6312 Murer, H. 6573 Murphy, J. R. 6119 Murray, G. J. 6423 Mushahwar, I. K. 6573 Naegeli, H. 6090 Nagarajan, S. 6483 Nakagawa, M. 6189 Nakano, H. 6571 Nakayama, K. 6571 Nakayama, K.-i. 6571 Natowicz, M. R. 6296 Nguyen, H. T. 6382 Nikitin, A. Y. 6571 Obata, Y. 6571 Oberfield, J. L. 6102 Ohnemus, C. 6261 Ohshima, T. 6423 Okamura, M. Y. 6183 Okumura, K. 6571 Old, L. J. 6571 Onoe, K. 6571 Opresko, L. K. 6235 O'Rourke, D. M. 6434 Orozco-Cardenas, M. 6553 Ortaldo, J. R. 6330 Ortiz-Barrientos, D. 6312 Osaka, M. 6428 Ozaki, K. 6267
Paddock, M. L. 6183 Pan, J. 6149, 6249 Park, B.-W. 6434 Park, M. S. 6382 Parks, D. J. 6102 Paschal, B. M. 6217 Pearson, J. E. 6060 Pearson, T. 6501 Pegg, L. E. 6336 Pellicioli, E. C. 6462 P6rez-Lezaun, A. 6312 Peri, K. G. 6572 Perry, V. H. 6388 Peters, E. M. 6517 Peterson, T. 6249 Pfister, M. F. 6573 Pilot-Matias, T. J. 6573 Pilyavskaya, A. 6261 Platt, F. M. 6388 Plum, G. E. 6113 Plunket, K. 6102 Poiesz, B. J. 6394 Post, A. 6434 Poston, R. S. 6411 Poulev, A. 5973 Proia, R. L. 6388 Prudent, J. R. 6301 Qian, X. 6434 Quirk, J. M. 6423 Rabinowitz, P. H. 6037 Radlwimmer, F. B. 6279 Raffel, S. J. 6451 Rafii, M. S. 6468 Ramchandani, S. 6107 Raskin, I. 5973 Reddy, J. K. 6255 Reeves, T. 5937 Reinheckel, T. 6223 Remeta, D. P. 6113 Reuss, L. 6511 Ribaut, J.-M. 5937 Ribeiro-da-Silva, A. 6572 Rizzuto, G. 6417 Robbins, R. C. 6411 Roberts, T. 6483 Robinson, J. 6359 Rondon, M. R. 6451 Rosai, J. 6382 Roskelley, C. D. 6249 Rosorius, 0. 6229 Ross, S. 6261 Rowley, J. D. 6428 Ruf, I. 6573 Ruiz-Linares, A. 6312 Ruttan, V. W. 5960 Ryan, C. A. 6553 Rypma, B. 6558 Sabelko, J. 6031 Sagermann, M. 6078 Sakakura, T. 6571 Sali, A. 6285 Salo, T. J. 6296 Salz, T. 6483 Sarachik, M. P. 5900 Savino, R. 6417 Scalzo, A. A. 6330 Scharfmann, R. 6267 Schiebel, E. 6205 Schiffmann, R. 6423 Schlenstedt, G. 6205 Schmiel, D. H. 6456 Schneeberger, E. E. 6241 Schulz, H. 6462 Sellin, L. 6371 Shapiro, L. 5891 Sharp, P. A. 6054, 6125 Shewmaker, C. 5968
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Shibata, D. 6535 Shichi, H. 6572 Shirane, M. 6571 Shirano, Y. 6535 Siderovski, D. P. 6489 Simons, J. N. 6573 Simons, K. 6241 Siragy, H. M. 6506 Sitte, N. 6223 Skarzhinskaya, M. 5973 Skimina, T. A. 6255 Skovmand, B. 5937 Smith, H. R. C. 6330 Smith, L. M. 6301 Smolenski, A. 6084 Snow, B. E. 6489 So, E. 6318 Socolow, R. H. 6001 Somasiri, A. 6249 Sommer, J. D. 6564 Sondek, J. 6489 Spetea, C. 6547 Stahl, S. 6423 Stange, G. 6573 Steinberg, D. 6347 Stenfors, C. 6473 Stewart, P. L. 6137 Stopa, E. G. 6468 Storz, G. 6161 Sukhatme, V. P. 6371 Sun, H. 6199 Szyf, M. 6107 Taba, S. 5937 Tabata, S. 6535 Taffet, S. M. 6495 Takahashi, T. 6571 Iallal, P. 6483 Tao-Cheng, J.-H. 6423 Tasaka, M. 6535 Tepe, N. M. 6400 ter Kuile, B. 6285
Thirumalai, D. 6149, 6166 Thomas, M. B. 5944 Th6ny-Meyer, L. 6462 Tilman, D. 5995 Tirassa, P. 6473 Treadway, C. R. 6014 Triggs-Raine, B. 6296 Tsiokas, L. 6371 Tsuda, M. 6189 Tsukada, S. 6341 Turrini, P. 6473 Twigg, P. D. 6119 Tyagi, S. 6171, 6394 Ullrich, 0. 6223 Vaandrager, A. B. 6084 Van Melderen, L. 6064 Vanoye, C. G. 6511 Varma, D. R. 6572 Varvel, V. E. 6143 V6lez, I. D. 6312 Vet, J. A. M. 6394 Vierstra, R. D. 6541 Virtanen, A. 6155 Volovik, G. E. 6042 Wade, P. A. 5894 Waller, R. C. 6406 Walz, G. 6371 Wan, C. 6014 Wand, A. J. 6571 Wang, G. 6119 Wang, L. 6318 Wang, Q. 6434 Wang, Y. 6336 Warburton, M. 5937 Ward, J. M. 6423 Waxman, S. 6318 Weber, W. 6177 Weissmann, G. 6377 Wells, N. J. 6193 White, J. G. 6255 Wicklow, B. A. 6296
Wickramasinghe, S. N. 6291 Wieczorek, M. 6261 Wiener, E. 6291 Wiley, H. S. 6235 Willems, P. H. G. M. 6084 Willson, T. M. 6102 Wilson, C. 6131 Wirsching, P. 6025 Wirth, B. 6307 Witztum, J. L. 6347, 6353 Wolffe, A. P. 5894 Woodson, S. A. 6149 Wu, G. 6285 Wu, H. 6199 Wu, Q. 6336 Wylie, G. P. 6119 Xiong, S.-M. 6318 Xu, S.-F. 6318 Yamadori, T. 6341 Yanai, Y. 6535 Yancopoulos, G. D. 6468 Yankner, B. A. 6273 Yaron, 0. 6137 Ye, Y. Z. 6365 Yokoyama, S. 6279 Yokoyama, W. M. 6330, 6336 Yoshida, T. 6571 Young, G. M. 6456 Zacchetti, D. 6241 Zelent, A. 6318 Zeleznik-Le, N. J. 6428 Zerfas, P. 6423 Zewail, A. H. 6014 Zhang, H. 6199, 6279, 6296, 6529 Zhang, W. 6359 Zhang, Y. 6523 Zhang, Z. 6273 Zheng, M. 6161 Zhu, J. 6318 Zhu, X.-H. 6318 Ziegler, U. 6573
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Information for Authors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999) xv
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A 120-character allowance for the space above and below each single column of a figure, table, or equation, plus
An additional 60 characters for each one-column line of equation.
A table that has lines with more than 60 characters plus spaces or a figure that is wider than 8.5 cm takes up two columns in width.
If the word processing program character count excludes spaces, add the word count to the character count to obtain a character count that includes spaces.
Authors will be responsible for additional charges incurred due to shortening overlong papers in proof.
EXAMPLE (PROVIDE BREAKDOWN WITH MANUSCRIPT):
Character Material count
All text characters (including title page, abstract, legends, references) plus spaces 25,660
Fig. 1 (1-column, 16 cm high 180 x 16) 2,880 Fig. 2 (1-column, 12 cm high 180 x 12) 2,160 Fig. 3 (1-column, 21 cm high 180 x 21) 3,780 Fig. 4 (1-column, 11 cm high 180 x 11) 1,980 Fig. 5 (2-column, 17 cm high 360 x 17) 6,120 Table 1 (2-column, 23 lines high = 120 x 23) 2,760 Equations [one 2-line and one 1-line eq., 1-col. (3 x 60)] 180 Space Allowance
4 single-column figures (4 x 120) 480 1 double-column figure (1 x 240) 240 1 double-column table (1 x 240) 240 2 single-column equations (2 x 120) 240
Total characters in paper (must not exceed 47,000) 46,720
MANUSCRIPT FORMAT
Title Page. Include the following information on this page: Classification: Select a major (Physical, Biological, or Social
Sciences) and a minor category from the following. Dual classifications are permitted between major categories and in exceptional cases, subject to Editorial Board approval, within a major category.
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Biological Sciences: Agricultural Sciences, Applied Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Genetics, Immunology, Medical Sciences, Microbiology, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, Physiol- ogy, Plant Biology, Population Biology, and Psychology.
Social Sciences: Anthropology, Economic Sciences, Psychol- ogy, Political Sciences, and Social Sciences.
Title: Should not include nonstandard abbreviations and must be brief.
Author affiliation: Include department, institution, and complete address for each author. If there are authors with different affiliations, use superscripts to match authors with institutions.
Corresponding author: The name, complete address, tele- phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the author to whom correspondence and proofs should be sent. Mailing and e-mail addresses will appear in print and online.
Manuscript information: The number of text pages (including references and figure legends), of figures, and of tables.
Word and character counts: The number of words in the abstract and the total number of characters in the paper.
Abbreviations footnote: List nonstandard abbreviations used five or more times. Define these where first mentioned in the text and do not use them in the title.
Data deposition footnote: Supply all database accession numbers and/or codes.
Abstract. Provide an abstract of no more than 250 words on page 2 of the manuscript. Abstracts should explain to the general reader the major contributions of the article. Refer- ences in the abstract must be cited in full.
Text. Describe procedures in sufficient detail so that the work can be repeated. Follow the spelling and usage given in Webster's Third New International Dictionary or the Random House Dictio- nary of the English Language. Avoid laboratory jargon. Correct chemical names should be given and strains of organisms should be specified. Trade names should be identified by an initial capital letter with the remainder of the name lowercase. Names and addresses of suppliers of uncommon reagents or instruments should be provided. Use Systeme International (SI) units and symbols whenever possible. When SI units are not used, the factor for conversion should be provided on first usage.
Footnotes. Use symbols in the order , t, :, ?,11, 1 , **, tt, , ??, lT?.
Acknowledgments. List dedications, acknowledgments, and funding sources.
References. References must be in PNAS style. Only pub- lished or in-press papers and books may be cited in the reference list. Abstracts of papers presented at meetings are not permitted. References should be cited in numerical order as they appear in text. Because tables and figures will be inserted in the text where first cited, references in these sections should be numbered accordingly. All authors (unless there are 10 or more) should be named in the citation. Databases are cited in the text or as footnotes.
The corresponding author must be prepared to provide a signed authorization for the citation of unpublished data and personal communications.
Journal articles are cited as follows: 10. Neuhaus, J.-M., Sitcher, L., Meins, F., Jr., & Boller, T. (1991)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10362-10366.
For correct abbreviations of journal titles, refer to Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI).
Articles or chapters in books are cited as follows: 14. Hill, A. V. S. (1991) in Molecular Evolution of the Major Histo-
compatibility Complex, eds. Klein, J. & Klein, D. (Springer, Heidelberg), pp. 403-420.
Figure Legends. Provide these separately from the figures. Illustrations. Original drawings, high-quality photographs
or laser prints are required (halftones and color art should be high-quality originals or photographs). Figures should be submitted at the desired printed size, preferably 1 column width (8.4 cm) or the smallest size that will convey the essential scientific information. Two-column figures must be between 8.4 and 17.7 cm wide. If submission at final size is not feasible, indicate the reduction and include one photocopy of figures at final size. Composite figures should be preassembled. Label the back of each figure with the first author's name, the figure number, the orientation (top), and the desired final size. Return of figures cannot be guaranteed.
Electronic Illustrations. Submit figures on a separate disk and include camera-ready originals or high-quality laser proofs that can be scanned if the electronic art fails. Label disks with the file names, types, and sizes. Images must be final size, preferably 1 column (8.4 cm) width. Two-column figures must be between 8.4 and 17.7 cm wide. Composite figures should be preassembled. Indicate the input resolution on any scanned images, the format of any compressed files, and the file format-TIFF and EPS formats for Macintosh and PC are the only acceptable formats. All four-color images must be in CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) mode. Include the font files for any text. PC or Macintosh versions of Adobe Post- Script fonts must be used (no system "bitmap" fonts). The following media types can be used: 3.5" diskette; 44, 88, 200 MB Syquest cartridge (5.25" disk); 128 MB Optical (3.5" disk); 600 MB Magneto-Optical (5.25" disk); 150 MB Iomega- Bernoulli disk; Zip and/or Jaz disk; CD-ROM. Details and the Digital Art Checklist are at cjs.cadmus.com/da.
Color Illustrations. Submit one set of prints for the printer (unmounted or mounted on flexible backing) at final size (pref- erably 1 column width), or slides with a print or a color photocopy indicating magnification and cropping, and four sets of high- quality prints.
Journal Cover Illustrations. On occasion, PNAS will pub- lish a cover illustration relevant to an article in an issue. Submissions should be scientifically interesting and visually arresting. Illustrations need not be reprinted in the article, but should be representative of the work. Submit two glossy prints 19.5 cm wide by 12 cm high with the top indicated and include a brief caption. Clearly label the submission with the first author's name and the corresponding author's name, address, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address. Direct submis- sions to the PNAS Office. Illustrations will not be returned unless requested.
Tables. Number tables (Arabic numerals) in the order in which they are cited in the text. Each table should have a brief title, be on a separate page, and be printed double-spaced.
Nomenclature and Style. International standards on nomen- clature should be used. For recommended style guides, no- menclature, abbreviations, and symbols, see www.pnas.org or contact the PNAS office.
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Research articles may be no more than 47,000 characters, including spaces, and thus may not exceed six printed pages. This count includes all text and the number of characters displaced by figures, tables, and equations. The total number of characters equals:
The number of characters including spaces in the text (include all parts except tables), plus The height in cm of each figure at desired printed size* x 180 for a one-column figure or
x 360 for a two-column figure, plus The height in number of lines of each table including spaces x 60 for a one-column table or
x 120 for a two-column table, plus (A table that has lines with more than 60 characters plus spaces or a figure that is wider than 8.5 cm takes up two columns in width.)
A 120-character allowance for space above and below each single column of a figure, table, or equation, plus
An additional 60 characters for each one-column line of equation.
Please use the table below to calculate your character count and submit with your paper. (For a sam- ple calculation, see the Information for Authors in a recent PNAS issue or at www.pnas.org.)
Does your word processing program count spaces?t Yes _ _ No (please add spaces) All text characters (including title page,
Space allowance 120 characters for each one-column figure, table, or equation ......... 240 characters for each two-column figure, table, or equation .........
Total Characters in Paper (must not exceed 47,000) t
*If you are unable to submit figures at final size, please provide a photocopy of figures at final size and indicate desired reduction. tWord processing programs differ in how they count characters: not all include spaces. Your character count must include spaces. If your character count excludes spaces, add the word count to the character count to obtain a character count that includes spaces. FOR MACs: For Word 5.1 and Freehand 6.0, the character count includes spaces. FOR PCs: For Word 97, select the character count that includes spaces. For Word versions 6 and 7 (for Windows 95) and WordPerfect 6, add the word count to the character count to obtain a character count that includes spaces. For WordPerfect 5.2 and other programs (MAC or PC) that give only the word count, multiply the word count by 6.5 (the average number of characters per word including spaces) to obtain the total character count. If your program is not listed above, type a test phrase such as SUBMIT PAPER TO PNAS. If the character count is 21 (or 20), your program includes spaces and this is the number you should report; however, if you get 17 characters your program excludes spaces, and you must add the number of words to the number of characters.
t:Authors may be responsible for additional charges incurred due to shortening papers in proof.
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If any of the following items are pertinent to your paper, you must provide the appropriate documentation or statements before we can publish your paper.
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LD None of the 3 items above applies to this paper.
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