Back Matter

Back MatterSource: Isis, Vol. 85, No. 4 (Dec., 1994), pp. 756-767Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/235373 .

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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Roger Ariew is Professor of Philosophy at Vir- ginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He is editor and translator, with Daniel Garber, of Leibniz, Philosophical Essays (1989). His present research concerns the social, cultural, and intellectual context for seventeenth-century philosophy in France.

Mitchell G. Ash is Associate Professor of History at the University of Iowa, where he teaches modem German history and history of science. He is author of Gestalt Psychology in German Culture: Holism and the Quest for Objectivity, to appear from Cambridge University Press in 1995.

Mark V. Barrow, Jr., is an assistant professor in the Department of History at Virginia Tech. He is currently pursuing several projects examining the relationship between biology and wildlife conser- vation during the previous century, including a history of North American ornithology and a study of the evolution of attitudes toward anthropogenic extinction.

Stephen G. Brush is a professor in the Depart- ment of History and the Institute for Physical Sci- ence and Technology at the University of Mary- land, College Park. His most recent book is The Construction of the Earth: Aspects of the History of Planetary Science from Laplace to Jeffreys (Cambridge University Press).

Jed Z. Buchwald holds the Bern Dibner Chair in the History of Science at the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology and is Director of the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technol- ogy. His most recent book is The Creation of Sci- entific Effects: Heinrich Hertz and Electric Waves. This is the first of two volumes; the second will discuss the reproduction, replication, and evolution of Hertzian devices and effects.

Robert R. Bunting is Assistant Professor of His- tory at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado. His forthcoming publications include "The Envi- ronment and Settler Society in Western Oregon," Pacific Historical Review; and "Abundance and Forests in the Douglas-Fir Region, 1840-1920," in The Columbia River in Pacific Northwest His- tory, edited by Robert C. Carrilceo and William L. Lang (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995).

Ronald Calinger (Catholic University of Amer- ica) has just completed the revised and expanded edition of Classics of Mathematics. It will appear shortly from Macmillan/Prentice-Hall.

Jorge Canizares is a Ph.D. candidate in the De- partment of History of Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is writing his dissertation on the reception of eighteenth-century European anthropological ideas in late-colonial Mexico.

John Carson is an NSF-NATO postdoctoral research fellow, having just completed a dissertation at Princeton University entitled "Talents, Intelli- gence, and the Constructions of Human Difference in France and America, 1750-1920." His previous publications include "Army Alpha, Army Brass, and the Search for Army Intelligence," Isis, 1993, 84:278-309.

Alan Chalmers is Associate Professor in the Unit for History and Philosophy of Science at the Uni- versity of Sydney. He is author of What Is This Thing Called Science? (published by University of Queensland Press) and of Science and Its Fabri- cation (published by University of Minnesota Press).

Janet Colaizzi is Professor of History and Philos- ophy at Saint Leo College, Tidewater Center. She is the author of Homicidal Insanity, 1800-1985 (Alabama, 1989). She specializes in the history and philosophy of science, with principal research interest in philosophical anthropology.

Harry Collins is Director of the Science Studies Centre at the University of Bath. His books include Changing Order: Replication and Induction in Scientific Practice (1985, 1992), Artificial Ex- perts: Social Knowledge and Intelligent Machines (1990), and (with Trevor Pinch) The Golem: What Everyone Should Know about Science (1993). He is currently working on a new theory of action (with Martin Kusch) and applying it to the understanding of the knowledge and skills of surgeons.

Jonathan Coopersmith, an assistant professor at Texas A&M, has published The Electrification of Russia, 1880-1926 (Cornell, 1992).

Peter Degen is an independent scholar. He is now working on a project about Einstein's Jewish identity.

B. J. T. Dobbs, who died on 29 March 1994, was Professor of History at the University of Califor- nia, Davis, where she also taught in the Program on History and Philosophy of Science. Her principal publications include The Foundations of Newton's Alchemy (1975), Alchemical Death and Resurrection (1990), and The Janus Faces of Ge- nius: The Role of Alchemy in Newton's Thought (1992).

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John H. Eddy, Jr., is an independent scholar living in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He is writing an article tentatively entitled "Buffon's Vision of Living Nature: Moules, Molecules, and Meta- phors."

Joann Eisberg is writing a biography of the astronomer Beatrice Tinsley. She is Visiting Assis- tant Researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1994/1995.

Judith Farquhar is Associate Professor of An- thropology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is the author of Knowing Prac- tice: The Clinical Encounter of Chinese Medicine and articles on medicine and society based on eth- nography and historical research in China.

Menachem Fisch is Senior Lecturer at the Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University. He is author of William Whewell, Philosopher of Science, and coeditor of William Whewell-A Composite Por- trait, both published by Clarendon Press (Oxford, 1991).

Allan Franklin is Professor of Physics at the Uni- versity of Colorado. He works on the history and philosophy of science, particularly on the roles of experiment. He is the author of The Neglect of Ex- periment (1986), Experiment, Right or Wrong (1990), and The Rise and Fall of the Fifth Force (1993).

Owen Gingerich, Senior Astronomer and Profes- sor of Astronomy and History of Science at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, has recently published an anthology of some of his more technical articles, Eye of Heaven: Ptolemy, Co- pernicus, Kepler (American Institute of Physics).

Daniel Goldstein is an independent scholar living in Iowa City. He is writing a social history of local science in nineteenth-century America with the support of a grant from the National Science Foun- dation.

Jan Golinski is Associate Professor in the De- partment of History and the Humanities Program at the University of New Hampshire. He is the author of Science as Public Culture: Chemistry and Enlightenment in Britain, 1760-1820 (Cambridge University Press, 1992).

Pamela Gossin is Assistant Professor of Arts and Humanities at the University of Texas-Dallas and Associate Director of the Center for the Study of Science and the Arts. She is editing Literature and Science: An Encyclopedia and completing a book manuscript, Beneath the Stars: A Literary History of Women, Astronomy, and Poetics from 1590 to 1990.

I. Grattan-Guinness is currently Professor of the History of Mathematics and Logic at Middlesex University, England. His latest book is Convolu- tions in French Mathematics, 1800-1840 (1990). He has edited a substantial Companion Encyclo- paedia of the History and Philosophy of the Math- ematical Sciences, published in 1994.

Mott T. Greene is John B. Magee Distinguished Professor in the University of Puget Sound. He is the author of Geology in the Nineteenth Century (1982) and Natural Knowledge in Preclassical An- tiquity (1992). He is currently working on a biography of Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) and editing the journal Earth Sciences History.

Paul Greenough is a professor of history at the University of Iowa, where he teaches the history of health. His present research includes a study of the Epidemic Intelligence Service of the U.S. Cen- ters for Disease Control and Prevention.

Gerald N. Grob is Henry E. Sigerist Professor of History of Medicine in the Institute for Health at Rutgers University. He is the author of a number of books dealing with psychiatry and mental ill- nesses in America, the most recent of which is The Mad among Us: A History of the Care of Ameri- ca's Mentally Ill (Free Press, 1994).

Christopher Hamlin is Associate Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame. He is writing a history of the concept of "public health" in nineteenth-century Britain.

Neil Harris is the Preston and Sterling Morton Professor of History at the University of Chicago. His most recent book is Cultural Excursions: Mar- keting Appetites and Cultural Tastes in America (1990).

Steven J. Harris is the Dibner Assistant Professor of History of Science at Brandeis University. He is writing a book on the emergence and growth of scientific activity in the Society of Jesus (seventeenth-eighteenth centuries).

N. Katherine Hayles is Professor of English at the University of California at Los Angeles. She pub- lishes and teaches in literature and science, with emphasis on the twentieth century. Her books include Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contem- porary Literature and Science and Cosmic Web: Scientific Field Models and Literary Strategies in the Twentieth Century.

Anton M. Heinen was Director of the Orient-In- stitute of the DMG in Beirut and Istanbul from 1984 to 1989. Since then he has taught in Munich and in Innsbruck and worked on Arabic manuscripts.

Norriss S. Hetherington is a research associate with the Office for the History of Science and



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Technology, University of California, Berkeley, and director of the Institute for the History of As- tronomy. He edited the Encyclopedia of Cosmol- ogy: Historical, Philosophical, and Scientific Foundations of Modern Cosmology and Cosmol- ogy: Historical, Literary, Philosophical, Reli- gious, and Scientific Perspectives, published by Garland in 1993. Projects under way include a guided study of selected papers of Edwin Hubble and a study of creative tensions between theory and observation.

M. M. Hildebrandt is a recent graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and author of The External School in Carolingian Society, published in 1992 by E. J. Brill. She currently works as a library media center director for the Madison public school system.

James R. Hofmann teaches history of science and philosophy of science at California State Univer- sity, Fullerton. He has recently completed a biography of the French physicist Andre-Marie Ampere, and he continues to work on the role of models in nineteenth- and twentieth-century physical sciences.

Joel Howell is in the Departments of Internal Medicine and History at the University of Michi- gan. He has written widely on the use of medical technology, using clinical case records from nineteenth- and twentieth-century England and the United States.

William Kimler is Associate Professor of History at North Carolina State University Raleigh. His research interests include the history of evolutionary biology, ecology and natural history, and styles of scientific evidence and argument.

Ronald R. Kline is Associate Professor of the History of Technology at Cornell University. The author of Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist (Bal- timore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), he is working on a social history of the telephone, automobile, radio, and electric light and power in the rural United States.

Alfredo G. Kohn Loncarica is Professor of the History of Medicine and Director of the Depart- ment of Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires. He is also Professor of History of Science, School of Sciences, Uni- versity of Mor6n.

Richard L. Kremer is Associate Professor of History at Dartmouth College. He edited The Let- ters of Hermann von Helmholtz to His Wife (1990) and is studying the science, culture, and politics of early institutes for experimental physiology at German universities.

David A. Kronick is Professor Emeritus of Med- ical Bibliography at the University of Texas at San

Antonio. He is the author of A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals (2nd ed., Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1976) and Scientific and Technical Periodicals of the Seventeenth and Eigh- teenth Centuries: A Guide (Metuchen, N.J.: Scare- crow Press, 1991).

Henrika Kuklick teaches at the University of Pennsylvania in the Department of History and So- ciology of Science. The author of The Savage Within (Cambridge, 1991, 1993), she is currently working on the history of archaeology in colonial settler societies.

Ann La Berge teaches in the Science and Tech- nologies Studies (STS) program at Virginia Tech. She is the author of Mission and Method: The Early Nineteenth-Century French Public Health Move- ment (1992) and the coeditor (with Mordechai Feingold) of French Medical Culture in the Nine- teenth Century (1994).

Reinhard Low is Founding Director of the Han- nover Institute of Philosophical Research. His most recent publication is Uber das Sh6ne (1994).

Michael S. Mahoney teaches history of science and technology at Princeton University. The author of several studies on mathematics from antiquity through the seventeenth century, including The Mathematical Career of Pierre Fermat and, most recently, "Barrow's Mathematics: Between An- cients and Moders" (in Before Newton, ed. M. Feingold [Cambridge, 1990]), he is currently completing a book on the formation of theoretical com- puter science as a mathematical discipline.

John S. Major, formerly Associate Professor of History at Dartmouth College, is a specialist in the intellectual history of early China. His most recent book is Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought (SUNY Press, 1993).

Otto M. Marx, M.D., is a historian of psychiatry and a practicing psychiatrist.

David Philip Miller is Senior Lecturer in Science and Technology Studies at the University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Michael R. McVaugh is a professor in the De- partment of History at the University of North Ca- rolina, Chapel Hill.

James Moore teaches history of science at the Open University in England. He has numerous publications on Victorian science, society, and religion, including a best-selling biography of Darwin, written with Adrian Desmond.

Steven Nadler is Associate Professor of Philoso- phy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the author of Arnauld and the Cartesian Phi-



759

losophy of Ideas (Princeton, 1989) and Mala- branche and Ideas (Oxford, 1992) and the editor of Causation in Early Modern Philosophy (Penn State, 1993).

Arthur L. Norberg is Associate Professor of the History of Science and Technology at the Univer- sity of Minnesota. He recently completed (with Judy E. O'Neill) a history of DARPA's role in the development of computing technology from 1962 to 1985.

Christopher Ocker is Assistant Professor of His- tory at San Francisco Theological Seminary and the Graduate Theological Union. He is also As- sociate Director of the Center for Hermeneutical Studies in Berkeley, California. He is the author of Johannes Klenkok: A Friar's Life, c. 1310-1374 (American Philosophical Society, 1994).

Thomas Parisi is Associate Professor of Psychol- ogy at Saint Mary's College in Notre Dame, In- diana. In 1994 he directed an NEH Summer Sem- inar for School Teachers on "Freud and the Roots of the Moral Life."

E. Robert Paul is the Joseph Priestley Professor of the History of Science at Dickinson College. His most recent publications include The Milky Way Galaxy and Statistical Cosmology, 1890-1924 (Cambridge, 1993) and The Life and Times of J. C. Kapteyn (Kluwer, 1993). His current research is on the Mt. Wilson Observatory as the dominating research facility in the rise of Ameri- can astronomy and on the diffusion of the flat-earth myth within the American educational system.

Tiziana Pesenti is Research Fellow in the Special School for Archivists and Librarians at the Uni- versity "La Sapienza" of Rome. Her field of research is the history of medicine in the Italian universities in the Middle Ages.

Lawrence M. Principe is on the chemistry faculty at Johns Hopkins University. He is completing a monograph of Robert Boyle's alchemy that will contain an edition of the "lost" Dialogue on Trans- mutation. His recent essay on Boyle's alchemy ap- pears in Robert Boyle Reconsidered, edited by Mi- chael Hunter (Cambridge, 1994).

Lewis Pyenson is Professor of History at the Universit6 de Montreal. He has recently been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

Yakov M. Rabkin has taught the history of science, Soviet studies, and contemporary Jewish history at the University of Montreal since 1973. He has authored Science between the Superpowers (1988) and more than fifty scholarly articles and coedited The Interaction of Jewish and Scientific Cultures in Modern Times (1994).

Jon H. Roberts is Associate Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. He is the author of "Twentieth-Century Psychology," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twen- tieth Century, ed. Stanley I. Kutler (forthcoming). His current research focuses on the relationship between psychology and American Protestant theol- ogy from 1890 to 1940.

Italo Ronca is Research Professor in the Fac- ulty of Arts of the University of South Africa (UNISA). His specialty is critical editions of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Latin works on philosophy and alchemy (William of Conches, Adelard of Bath, Ibn Umayl/Senior Zadith, Pseudo Avicenna).

Boris A. Rosenfeld is a professor in the Depart- ment of Mathematics of the Pennsylvania State University. Before coming to the United States in 1990 he was a professor of mathematics in different universities and colleges in the USSR and then research professor in the Institute for History of Science and Technology in Moscow. He is author of A History of Non-Euclidean Geometry (Springer, 1988) and of many books in Russian on mathematics and the history of science.

Grazyna Rosinska is affiliated with the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, and the Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Lublin. Her interests include the history of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy. She is preparing an edition of Giovanni Bianchini's Flores Almagesti (Italy, ca. 1450) and working on Giulio Cesare Luchini's astrological summa (Bo- logna, ca. 1580).

William G. Rothstein is Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. His recent publications include the articles "Med- ical Education" and "Medical Sciences" in the En- cyclopedia of Higher Education (Oxford: Perga- mon Press, 1992).

Nicolaas A. Rupke is Professor of the History of Medicine in the University of G6ttingen, Ger- many. His interests include scientific biography, and his most recent book is Richard Owen: Vic- torian Naturalist (Yale Univ. Press, 1994). He is currently working on Alexander von Humboldt.

A. I. Sabra is Professor of the History of Arabic Science, Harvard University. He has written extensively on the history of Arabic and seventeenth- century optics.

Jose M. Sanchez-Ron is Professor Titular of The- oretical Physics at the Universidad Aut6noma, Madrid. He recently published El poder de la cien- cia (Alianza, 1992). He is now editing, with Paul Forman, a volume entitled National Military Es- tablishments and the Advancement of Science and



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is preparing a biography of the physicist Bias Ca- brera.

Londa Schiebinger is Professor of History and Women's Studies and Founding Director of the In- stitute for Women in the Sciences and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. She is author of The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science (Harvard University Press, 1989) and Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Mod- ern Science (Beacon Press, 1993). She is working on a book entitled "Women and Science: The Clash of Two Cultures."

Dennis L. Sepper is Associate Professor and Chairman of Philosophy at the University of Dal- las in Irving, Texas. He is author of Goethe contra Newton (Cambridge University Press, 1988), New- ton's Optical Writings (Rutgers University Press, 1994), and Descartes's Imagination (University of California Press, forthcoming).

John W. Servos is Professor of History at Am- herst College. He is author of Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling (Princeton, 1990) and is currently working on a book about the industrial sponsorship of science in American universities.

Jole Shackelford is a lecturer in the History of Science and Technology Program at the University of Minnesota. He is writing a monograph on the Danish Paracelsian Petrus Severinus.

Steven Shapin is Professor of Sociology at the University of California, San Diego. He is the author of A Social History of Truth: Civility and Sci- ence in Seventeenth-Century England (University of Chicago Press, 1994).

Alan E. Shapiro is Professor of History of Sci- ence and Technology at the University of Minne- sota. He is the editor of Newton's optical papers and the author of Fits, Passions, and Paroxysms: Physics, Method, and Chemistry and Newton's Theories of Colored Bodies and Fits of Easy Re- flection (Cambridge University Press, 1993).

Ruth Lewin Sime teaches chemistry at Sacra- mento City College. She is completing a biography of Lise Meitner, to be published in 1995 by the University of California Press.

Kirsti Simonsuuri is a Fellow at Magdalen Col- lege, Oxford, in 1994. Her publications include studies on literature, mythology, and the classical tradition, as well as poetry and fiction. Her book on Homer (Cambridge, 1979) received a British Academy Wolfson Award for Younger Scholars.

Phillip R. Sloane is Director of the Notre Dame Program. in History and Philosophy of Science. His most recent work is a critical edition: Richard Owen's Hunterian Lectures: May-June 1837

(Chicago/London, 1992). He is now working on a book on the concept of purpose in nineteenth- century biology.

Richard Candida Smith is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he teaches U.S. intellectual history. His book Utopia and Dissent in California: From Bohemia to Counterculture is due from the University of California Press in March 1995.

Robert W. Smith is a historian at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum. His book The Space Telescope: A Study of NASA, Sci- ence, Technology, and Politics won the Society's Watson Davis Prize in 1990, and an expanded ver- sion was published in paperback in 1993. He is an adjunct professor in the Department of History of Science at the Johns Hopkins University.

Burkhard Stautz is working on a doctoral dissertation at the Institute for History of Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frank- furt-am-Main. His major research interest is in medieval astronomical instruments.

Noel M. Swerdlow is a professor in the Depart- ment of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Uni- versity of Chicago. His research is concerned with the exact sciences from antiquity through the seventeenth century. He has just completed a study of Babylonian planetary theory and is currently working on Galileo's contribution to astronomy.

Edmund N. Todd teaches history at the Univer- sity of New Haven. He is working on a study of electrification in the Ruhr.

Maria Trumpler is Assistant Professor in the Sec- tion of History of Medicine at Yale University. She is at work on a book on experimental investiga- tions of animal electricity in Germany, 1791-1850.

Theo Verbeek is Associate Professor for the His- tory of Moder Philosophy and Professor Extraor- dinarius for the C. Louis Thijssen-Schoute Foun- dation in the History of Dutch Philosophy at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. He has published on La Mettrie, Descartes, and Dutch Cartesianism. His most recent book is Descartes and the Dutch: Early Reactions to Cartesian Philosophy, 1637-1650 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992).

Stephen Wagner is Director of Archives and Rec- ords, Oncology Nursing Society; cochair of the Science-Technology-Health Care Roundtable, Society of American Archivists; and coeditor of the newsletter Architext (on sci-tech-health archives). His primary research is in the archives of science, technology, and medicine.

Mark Walker teaches history at Union College in Schenectady, New York. Together with Monika



761

Renneberg, he has recently edited Science, Tech- nology, and National Socialism (Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 1993).

Richard S. Westfall is Professor Emeritus of the History of Science at Indiana University. He has made the Scientific Revolution his special field of study and is the author of a biography of Isaac Newton. At present he is working on a social history of the scientific community of that era.

Owen White is a research student in modem history at St. Antony's College, Oxford. He is currently writing up a doctoral thesis entitled "Mis- cegenation and Colonial Rule in French West Africa, 1900-1945."

Elspeth Whitney is Associate Professor of History at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. She is the author of Paradise Restored: The Mechanical Arts from Antiquity through the Thirteenth Century and is now working on a study of the cultural sym- bolism of food in the Middle Ages.

Gilbert Whittemore is an independent scholar and lawyer in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is cur-

rently serving on the staff of the President's Ad- visory Committee on Human Radiation Experi- ments.

Mari E. W. Williams is a science administrator in the U.K. Biotechnology and Biological Sci- ences Research Council. She previously worked on the history of the precision instruments industry and is author of The Precision Makers: A History of the Instruments Industry in Britain and France, 1870-1939.

Roberta Wollons is Associate Professor in the College of Education at the University of Mary- land, College Park. She is the editor of Children at Risk, a collection of historical and current policy essays on a range of categories of child risk. She is also writing a history of the Child Study Asso- ciation and parent education.

Michael W. Young is Senior Fellow in the De- partment of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra. He has conducted fieldwork in Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu and is currently working on the authorized biography of Bronislaw Malinowski.



STATUTES OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE SOCIETY

I. PURPOSE

1. This Society is called the History of Sci- ence Society, Inc. The Society was established to foster interest in the history of science and its social and cultural relations, to provide a forum for discussion, and to promote scholarly research in the history of science. The Society pursues these objectives by the publication of its official journal Isis, by the support and subvention of other forms of scholarly publication, by the organization of annual meetings and other pro-

grams, by the award of medals and prizes for outstanding contributions to the history of science, by the encouragement and sponsorship of local and regional sections of the Society, by fostering the career development of its members, and by cooperation with other learned and scientific societies. The Society thus functions as an educational institution in its chosen field by transmitting and dissem- inating knowledge and by aiding in teaching and research.

II. MEMBERSHIP

2. Persons of any nationality who are in- terested in the history of science are eligible for membership in the Society. The acceptance by the Treasurer of annual dues shall constitute formal recognition of membership.

3. Membership shall consist of five classes: (1) Member (individual or institutional); (2) Student; (3) Retired; (4) Sustaining; (5) Family. Members are those who pay the annual dues. Student members are graduate or undergraduate students who pay the annual dues at the student rate. Retired members are those who, having been members for at least twenty years and having retired from employment, opt to pay the annual dues at the reduced rate set for this class. Sustaining members are those who from time to time contribute major financial support for the further- ance of the Society's work. Two indi-

viduals may jointly become family members by opting to pay together the annual dues at the rate set for this class. Each shall receive all benefits of membership, except as noted in Article 5.

4. Membership privileges include voting in elections and at the Annual Business Meeting, and nominating by petition, except that libraries and other institutions are eligible for membership without vote or nomination privilege.

5. A subscription to Isis, the official journal of the Society, shall be included in the dues or equivalent contribution of each member, though two individuals who share a family membership shall receive only one subscription to Isis.

6. If any member fails to pay dues within sixty days of the mailing out of the bill, his or her membership privileges shall be suspended until reinstatement.

III. OFFICERS

7. The officers shall be a President, a Vice- President who is President-elect, an Ex- ecutive Secretary, a Treasurer, and the Editor of Isis.

8. There shall be a Council consisting of the officers, the ex-presidents of the Society, and fifteen additional members elected from and by the membership of the So- ciety. The officers constitute the Exec- utive Committee of the Council.

9. Terms: The President and the Vice-Pres- ident shall be elected by ballot for two calendar years; in each year five members of the Council shall be elected for three calendar years; in each year a Nominating Committee for the following year shall be elected. Ballots: The Nominating Committee, consisting of three members of the Council and two other members of the

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STATUTES OF THE SOCIETY

Society, shall prepare a ballot to be sent to each member of the Society at least two months before the annual meeting. For the office of President, the ballot shall contain the name of the President-elect. For the Vice-President, the ballot shall contain the names of two candidates proposed by the Nominating Committee together with the names of any other candidates nominated by petitions signed by at least twenty-five members of the So- ciety. For the Council, the ballot shall contain the names of ten candidates proposed by the Nominating Committee together with the names of other candidates nominated by petitions signed by at least fifteen members of the Society.

The President of the Society shall appoint the chair of the Nominating Com- mittee from among those elected to that Committee.

Nominating petitions, together with the agreement of the person nominated, must reach the chair of the Nominating Com- mittee within two months after publication of the list of nominees. Each list of candidates on the ballot shall be arranged in alphabetical order without further distinctions, and there shall be blank spaces at the end of each list in which the voter may enter and vote for other names.

The ballots shall be received by the Executive Secretary and valid ballots shall be tallied by a committee consisting of the Executive Secretary and at least one other person, appointed by the Executive Secretary.

In the event of a tie vote, the members of the Society present at the annual business meeting shall choose by ballot between the nominees with the highest number of votes.

IV. ADMINISTRATION

10. The Council is the responsible agent of the Society and has general charge of the affairs of the Society. Vacancies in unexpired terms on the Council shall be filled by those candidates who received the highest number of votes after those elected to regular three-year terms in the immediately preceding election.

11. Council shall elect a Treasurer for a two- year, renewable term and an Executive Secretary for a five-year term, which may be extended for a period of one to five years by mutual agreement of the Coun- cil and the Executive Secretary. In case of a vacancy in the office of President, the Vice-President shall immediately become Acting President, and shall become President for a regular two-year term at the next convenient date. In case of a vacancy in the office of Vice-Pres- ident, the office shall be filled by ballot for a regular two-year term, as soon as possible, in accordance with the proce- dures of Article 9, Paragraph 2. In case of a vacancy in any other office, the Council shall elect a member of the So- ciety to complete the unexpired portion of the term.

12. The annual meeting of the Society, which shall include a business meeting, shall ordinarily be held in the last quarter of each calendar year, the time and place to be determined by the Council.

13. Council shall meet at the time of the annual meeting of the Society. It may meet at other times, at the President's discre- tion or upon request made in writing to the Executive Secretary by three or more members of the Council. A quorum of the Council shall consist of seven members. Absent members may vote by mail.

The President of the Society may con- duct a mail poll of Council members on matters that require Council action before the next scheduled meetings Issues submitted to a mail poll shall be consid- ered approved if supported by the ma- jority of the responses received by the President within thirty (30) days of the mailing of the ballot.

14. Council shall have power to approve the formation and dissolution of local and regional sections of the Society.

15. The officers shall perform the customary duties of their offices except as other- wise stated. In the absence of the Pres- ident and the Vice-President, the Exec- utive Secretary shall preside at any meeting of the Council or the Society. The Executive Secretary and the Treas- urer shall be responsible to the Council for the administration of their offices. All reports of officers and committees shall be acted upon formally during the Coun- cil session at which they are presented, or at the next session.

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16. The Executive Committee of the Council shall act ad interim on matters that do not call for immediate submission to the Council, propose an annual budget and other matters to the Council, and carry out policy established by the Council. All such actions shall be reported to the Council at its next session. A quorum of the Executive Committee shall consist of three members. The Executive Commit- tee shall serve as a committee on committees to assist the President and the Council.

17. The Council shall appoint the Society's delegates to the American Council of Learned Societies, to the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Sci- ence, to the International Congresses of the History of Science, and to other or- ganizations and societies.

18. A Committee on Finances shall comprise the Treasurer (as chair) and at least three other members of the Society, appointed by the Executive Committee for two-year, renewable terms. It shall oversee the financial affairs of the Society in consul- tation with the Executive Committee and shall review on an advisory basis the budget proposal prepared by the Execu- tive Committee prior to its submission to the Council at its annual meeting. The Executive Committee shall submit the proposed budget, together with the Treasurer's Annual Report, to the members of the Council at least thirty (30) days before the annual meeting of the Council. The financial accounts of the Society shall be audited by a certified public accountant once a year. The Treasurer shall be bonded.

19. The Editor of Isis shall be elected by Council for five-year term, which may be extended for a period of one to five

BYLAWS

I. The Executive Committee The Executive Committee shall meet at the Society's annual meeting and at least once during the interval between annual meetings, in order to (1) draw up an annual budget recommendation, which it shall submit subsequently to the Com- mittee on Finances for review and to the Council for final action at the annual meeting of the Council; (2) choose the Sarton medalist and the Sarton lecturer from nominations made by the Com-

years by mutual agreement of the Coun- cil and the Editor. There shall also be a Committee on Publications appointed by the Executive Committee of the Council. The Committee on Publications shall consist of five members serving staggered terms of five years, and each of these members shall serve as chair during his or her fifth year. The Vice-Pres- ident shall be an ex officio member of the Committee on Publication.

20. There shall be a Program Chair, appointed by the Executive Committee, for each annual meeting of the Society. The Program Chair shall ordinarily be an ex officio member of the Committee on Meetings and Programs and, in cooperation with the Executive Secretary and the Committee on Meetings and Pro- grams, shall make all necessary arrangements for holding the annual meetings of the Society, including issuing the invi- tations to address the meeting. The Pro- gram Chair shall make at least two nominations to the Executive Committee for the annual History of Science Society Distinguished Lecturer.

21. Amendments to these statutes must be proposed to members of Council at least thirty days prior to any meeting of the Council by the Executive Committee or by petitions signed by at least twenty-five members of the Society. At this meeting the amendments shall be submitted to vote, a favorable vote of three-fourths of those present, including all mail votes, being necessary for approval by the Council. Amendments approved by the Council shall be submitted to the members of the Society at the first business meeting of the Society following the Council meeting. Ratification shall require a favorable vote of three-fourths of the members present.

mittee on Honors and Prizes and members at large; (3) choose the History of Science Society Distinguished Lecturer; (4) receive reports from standing and other committees of the Society and draw up appropriate recommendations pertaining thereto for consideration by the Council; (5) consider matters for long- range planning and policy for the So- ciety; and (6) take whatever interim actions it deems necessary in the interest of the Society.

764




The Executive Committee may from time to time establish ad hoc committees-for example on Membership, on Long-Range Planning-and may direct any of the standing committees named below to form subcommittees to deal ad hoc with particular concerns falling within their general domain. The estab- lishment of additional committees or standing subcommittees or deletion of any of the named standing committees or standing subcommittees requires the approval of the Council.

II. Standing Committees Standing committees of the Society are responsible to the Council. The chair of each of these committees is required to prepare a written Annual Report to the Society. This report should be sent to the Executive Secretary not later than thirty (30) days before the Council meets, and submitted by the Executive Secre- tary to the Council not later than twenty- one (21) days before the Council meets. Additional interim reports from committees may also be requested by the Executive Committee of the Council. Each Committee may form its own subcommittees ad hoc as appropriate. The list of standing committees is as fol- lows. A. Committee on Education. This com-

mittee shall concern itself with the role of the history of science in education at all levels, from elemen- tary school to graduate and postdoctoral training in the field; with textbooks and other materials for teaching the subject; and with the public understanding of the history of science.

B. Committee on Research and the Profession. This committee shall concern itself with the state of the profession, including employment patterns and opportunities with special attention given to issues of gender and diversity in the employment practices of the profession; research support in the field; various forms of support for independent scholars; re- lationships to neighboring disci- plines and professional societies; and the status of groups underrepre- sented in the Society. Three standing subcommittees of this committee shall be the Committee on Women,

the Committee on Diversity, and the Committee on Independent Schol- ars. Their chairs will be voting members of the Committee on Re- search and the Profession. There shall also be a Washington Representa- tive, who will be a voting member of the Committee on Research and the Profession.

C. Committee on Meetings and Pro- grams. This committee shall establish, subject to Council approval, general policies for the format, content, and location of annual meetings of the Society and for other meetings at which the Society may be represented. This committee will nominate from the Society membership a Program Chair and a Local Arrangements Chair for approval by the Executive Committee. The Pro- gram Chair will make all necessary arrangements for the program of the annual meeting. The Local Arrange- ments Chair will have responsibility for all local arrangements of the annual meeting. The Program Chair and the Local Arrangements Chair may each constitute a committee from the membership of the Society to assist in carrying out his or her functions.

The Program Chair and the Local Arrangements Chair, or one member of a shared chairship, will become ex officio members of the Commit- tee on Meetings and Programs for three years: that in which the annual meeting they are responsible for takes place, and both the preceding and the following years.

D. Committee on Honors and Prizes. This committee shall appoint, oversee the efforts of, and approve the recommendations of standing subcommittees charged with selection of winners of the Pfizer Award, Watson Davis Prize, Schuman Prize, History of Women in Science Prize, Derek Price Award, and such other prizes as may be established. No later than thirty days before the meeting of the Council, the recommendation of the Committee on Honors and Prizes of proposed winners will be sent to the Executive Committee by the chair of the Committee for approval, and for action by the Exec- utive Committee in the name of the

765




Society. No later than sixty days after the meeting of the Council the Committee on Honors and Prizes will send to the Executive Committee at least three nominations for the Sar- ton medalist.

E. Committee on Publications. This committee shall be responsible to the Council for the administration of the Society's publications and for all matters of editorial policy. The committee shall meet at least once annually with the Editor of Isis, and the Director of Publications to review the operations of the year. When necessary, it shall recommend one or more candidates for Editor of Isis to be elected by the Council.

F. Committee on Finances. This committee shall advise the Treasurer of the Society on all matters pertaining to the finances of the Society. It shall review, on an advisory basis, the annual budget proposed by the Exec- utive Committee prior to the submission of the budget to the Council. The committee shall concern itself with the management of the funds of the Society and with means for the financial support of the Society.

G. Nominating Committee. As de- scribed in Section III of the Statutes.

H. When necessary, a Special Nomi- nating Committee composed of the President (as chair), Vice-President, and the members of the elected Nominating Committee shall recommend one or more candidates for Executive Secretary, to be elected by the Council.

III. Membership on Committees A. The Committee on Education, the

Committee on Research and the Profession, the Committee on Meet- ings and Programs, and the Com- mittee on Honors and Prizes shall each consist of at least five members, including at least one member of the Council and at least two members from the Society at large. Each member shall be appointed by the Executive Committee for a three year term. Council members shall serve staggered terms. Members of the Council will normally be appointed to a committee when they are first

elected to the Council and will begin service on 1 January immediately following their election. The chair for each committee shall be desig- nated by the Executive Committee.

B. If and when a member-at-large is elected to the Council while serving a term on a committee, he or she may be appointed to a new three-year term, or he or she may be reassigned to another committee and another member-at-large appointed to fill out the unexpired term on that committee.

IV. Appointment to Committees Members of the Standing Committees shall be appointed by the Executive Committee.

V. Ad Hoc Committees The Executive Committee may establish ad hoc committees from time to time and may direct any of the above standing committees to form a subcommittee to deal with a particular concern falling within its general domain. The estab- lishment of additional standing committees or deletion of any of the above standing committees requires the approval of the Council.

VI. Interest Groups A. Scholars with a common interest in

a particular area of the history of science, technology, or medicine may petition the Council for recognition as an interest group. The petition shall include the name of the proposed interest group, a statement of purpose, the particular area to be stimulated and developed, bylaws or some other statement of organization (including provisions for the selection of officers), and a statement of how formation of this interest group will benefit the HSS and the profession.

B. Interest groups will determine their own criteria for membership, which need not be restricted to members of the History of Science Society.

C. An interest group may assess dues for its own activities and may have the entire management and control of said funds. Any other fund-rais- ing activity must be coordinated with the HSS Executive Committee and

766




expenditures must be audited annually.

D. If requested by an interest group, the Society will provide at cost the following services: collecting dues, maintaining membership lists, publishing and distributing newsletters and other communications, and managing funds. The Society may provide such other administrative services as authorized by the Exec- utive Committee or by special ap- propriations authorized by Council.

E. Upon request to the Program Com- mittee, provision shall be made for a business meeting of each interest

group at the Society's annual meeting.

F. The existence of an interest group shall not be construed to restrict the right of Society members as individuals to apply for the services that the Society aims to provide its members, such as those listed in items (D) and (E) above.

G. The Council may withdraw recognition from an interest group for good and sufficient reasons.

VII. Review These bylaws will be in effect for three years from date of adoption by Council, and will then be reviewed.

767



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Legal Medicine in History Michael Clark and Catherine Crawford, Editors Presents fresh interpretations of the growth of medico-legal ideas, institutions and practices in Britain, Europe and America over the past four hundred years. Based on a wealth of new research, it brings the historical study of legal medicine firmly into the realm of social history. Cambridge History of Medicine 1994 375pp. 39514-3 Hardback $59.95

Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment Useful Knowledge and Polite Culture John Gascoigne Places the work of Joseph Banks in the context of the Enlightenment and explores Banks' relations to major scientific and cultural currents in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century British society. 1994 c. 344pp. 45077-2 Hardback $59.95

Making a Medical Market Doctors and Their Patients in English Society 1720-1911 Anne Digby Explores the neglected socio-economic history of medical practice, beginning with the first voluntary hospital in 1720 and ending with national health insurance in 1911. Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time 24 1994 377pp. 34526-X Hardback $64.95

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William Harvey's Natural Philosophy Roger French Reports extensively on the views of those who wrote for and against the views and discoveries (including the circulation of the blood) of William Harvey. It is a study of a major change in natural philosophy and of the forces which took part. 1994 405 pp. 45535-9 Hardback $64.95

The Correspondence of Charles Darwin Volume 9:1861 Charles Darwin Frederick Burkhardt, Duncan M. Porter, Janet Browne, and Marsha Richmond, Editors Reveals the variety of responses to Darwin's species theory in the second year following the publication of The Origin of Species and examines Darwin's "evolutionary" projects that illustrate how the theory could be applied to solving important problems in natural history. 1994 642pp. 45156-6 Hardback $59.95

The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut The Rise of Mathematical Science in 18th Century Paris and the Fall of "Normal" Science John L. Greenberg Shows in detail that the adoption of the new paradigm in place of the Cartesian one was far more subtle than followers of the Kuhnian model might expect. Many continental and Parisian scholars contributed to the eventual formation of a mature theory of the earth's shape in what was as much an evolutionary as revolutionary process. 1994 c. 896pp. 38541-5 Hardback $89.95

Divine Will and the Mechanical Philosophy Gassendi and Descartes on Contingency and Necessity in the Created World Margaret J. Osler Examines ways of understanding contingency and necessity in the world and how these ideas influenced the development of the mechanical philosophy in the seventeenth century with an emphasis on the transformation of medieval ideas about God's relationship to the Creation into seventeenth century ideas about matter and method. 1994 295pp. 46104-9 Hardback $49.95



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Scaling Fisheries The Science of Measuring the Effects of Fishing, 1855-1955 Tim D. Smith Traces the origins and effects of the economic and political pressures that have faced fisheries scientists since the industrialization of fishing to concerns about determining the causes of fluctuations in fish and whale catches and to resistance to regulation of fishing activity when populations are depleted. Cambridge Studies in Applied Ecology and Resource Management 1994 402pp. 39032-X Hardback $74.95

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Gehennical Fire Ihe Lives of George Starkey, an American Alchemist in the Scientific Revolution WILLIAM NEWMAN "Gehennical Fire illuminates the scientific culture of Colonial America and at the same time enriches our knowledge, appre- ciation, and understanding of the scientific milieu in England in the age of Boyle and Newton. It also contains one of the finest

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FROM THE CLOSED WORLD TO THE INFINITE UNIVERSE ALEXANDRE KOYRE

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THE BEGINNINGS OF

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PAUL LAWRENCE FARBER The Temptations of Evolutionary Ethics Evolutionary theory tells us about our biological past; can it also guide us to a moral future? Farber's compelling book describes a century-old philosophical hope held by many: that universal ethical and social imperatives are built into human nature and can be discovered through knowledge of evolutionary theory. $35.00 cloth

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Elements of Controversy The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974 Congressional hearings in 1978 revealed that fallout from American nuclear weapons testing had overex- posed hundreds to radiation. Hacker's work is the result of a decade of exhaus- tive research in AEC records and the full clinical and epidemiological literature on radiation effects. $55.00 cloth

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This work details the chaos produced in the physics community at the beginning of the 20th century by groundbreaking experimental findings and the theoretical speculations they engendered. In telling this story, the author describes the essential features of quantum physics, what sets it apart from the classical view of the mechanical universe, and how the new science has led to unprecedented advances in understanding the essence of matter and the forces of nature. 1994 336 pp.; 26 illus.; paper $29.95

ORIGINS OF NEUROSCIENCE A HISTORY OF EXPLORATIONS INTO BRAIN FUNCTION STANLEY FINGER

"The book is packed with facts, and Finger has woven clinical observation and clinical work on animals into a fascinating story that will appeal to anyone with some knowledge of brain structure and function.... The book is a must for anyone researching brain function or treating diseases of the nervous system; highly recommended to anyone fas- cinated by how our brain works." -New Scientist 1994 480 pp.; 364 illus.; $75.00

U EU 9 I* EE 6 9 U

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JUNE 1994 VOL. XLVII, No. 4 I ISSUE No. 188 $11.00

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Knowing Essentials

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Suffering Made Real American Science and the Survivors at Hiroshima M. Susan Lindee

"Sensitive observers have long been telling us that science is inseparable from its social and historical context. Lindee demonstrates how this truth applies to the [Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission's] study of the physical aftereffects of radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.... Her powerful conclusion is that science can be both 'creator and destroyer of truth."' -Robert Jay Lifton, author of The Protean Self Cloth $29.95/?23.95 304 pages illus.

The Discourses of Science Marcello Pera Translated by Clarissa Botsford "A splendid book.... By moving back to Aristotelian notions of rhetoric and dialec- tic, Pera shows that objective explanatory power yet resides in those areas usually dismissed or undervalued as rhetorical." -Robert J. Richards Cloth $29.95/?23.95 264 pages

Molecular Politics Developing American and British Regulatory Policy for Genetic Engineering, 1972-1982 Susan Wright "One of the most important studies of the history of molecular biology and genetic engineering published to date. It should serve as an exemplar for all future work dealing with the process of establishing regulatory systems in science and technology."-Everett Mendelsohn, International Council for Science Policy Studies *Paper $29.95/?23.95 616 pages illus.

Quantum Mechanics Historical Contingency and the Copenhagen Hegemony James T. Cushing

Focusing on the philosophical, social, and cultural forces that have shaped one of the most important developments in modern physics, this provocative book examines the role that timing can play in the estab- lishment of theory and explanation. *Paper $27.00/?21.50 328 pages illus. Science and Its Conceptual Foundations series

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Between Copernicus and Galileo Christoph Clavius and the Collapse of Ptolemaic Cosmology James M. Lattis

By tracing Clavius's views from their medieval origins into the seventeenth century, Lattis illuminates the conceptual shift from Ptolemaic to Copernican astronomy and the social, intellectual, and theological impact of the Scientific Revolution.

"Lattis's excellent book widens the discussion of the sixteenth-century cosmological debate and shows that conservative scientists worried about much more than the dangers of the heliocentric hypothesis." -Albert Van Helden *Paper $22.501?17.95 320 pages illus.

An Equation that Changed The History of Cartography the World Volume 2, Book 2

Newton, Einstein, and the Theory of Relativity Harald Fritzsch Translated by Karin Heusch

"What is fascinating about Fritzsch's pre- sentation is that he does not feed us data or mathematical formulas. He traces the development of the arguments on which the theories of Newton and Einstein rest- ed. Comparing these arguments, he uses them to illustrate the advances in knowledge that preceded or accompanied them. . . The book is a successful event in scientific communication." -Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Cloth $29.951 ?23.95 300 pages illus.

Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies Edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward

Volume 2, book 2, considers the carto- graphic traditions of East and Southeast Asia, presenting significant new research and interpretation of archaeological, literary, and graphic sources. "The History's basic premise is that maps are different, as are cultures. Its purpose is to display the richness of artifacts, and it has done so magnificently and with exem- plary thoroughness."-Yi-Fu Tuan, Natural History Cloth $195.00/?135.00 1032 pages illus.

*Cloth edition available

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FORTHCOMING IN ISIS

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and the Creation of Medical Art" Sungook Hong, "Forging Scientific Electrical Engineering: John

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VOLUME 85 NUMBER 4 DECEMBER 1994

ARTICLES

DANIEL GOLDSTEIN: "Yours for Science": The Smithsonian Institution's Correspondents and the Shape of Scientific Community in Nineteenth-Century America

ALAN E. SHAPIRO: Artists' Colors and Newton's Colors

HSS DISTINGUISHED LECTURE

MICHAEL R. MCVAUGH: Introduction

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CRITIQUES & CONTENTIONS

JOHN H. EDDY, JR.: Buffon's Histoire naturelle: History? A Critique of Recent Interpretations

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION

Eloge: RICHARD S. WESTFALL: B. J. T. Dobbs, 19 October 1930-29 March 1994

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

GEORGE GHEVERGHESE JOSEPH; DAVID PINGREE

S. I. SALEM; F. JAMIL RAGEP

BOOK REVIEWS

Eighty-four book reviews and twenty contents listings

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

0021-1753(1 9941 2)85:11111 1-2 0021-1753(199412)85:4;1-2

VOLUME 85 NUMBER 4 DECEMBER 1994



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