FIRSTFIELD HOSPITALSITE HOLSWORTHY ArchivalRecording 1

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FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITEHOLSWORTHY

Archival Recording

Prepared' forPeddle Thorp

August 1995

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GODDENMACKAY

This is Volume Two of a three volume set of reports commissioned by Peddle Thorp toidentify and assess the heritage issues associated with the proposed First Field Hospital inHolsworthy.

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Volume 1

Volume 11

Volume III

Conservation Plan

Archival Recording

Archaeological Assessment

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CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 Background1.2 Author Identification1.3 Methodology1.4 Terminology1.5 Study Area1.6 Acknowledgements

2.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT2.1 Preamble2.2 Land Title Information2.3 War2.4 Liverpool2.5 Barracks2.6 Dust2.7 Ablutions2.8 Latrines2.9 Laundry2.10 Kitchens2.11 Hospital2.12 Electricity2.13 The Eastern Or Trial Bay Compound2.14 New Barracks2.15 Work

2.15.1 Work On The Railway Line2.16 Chosen And Skilled Work2.17 Recreation2.18 Other Facilities - Canteen, Shops And Cafes2.19 Camp Committee2.20 No. 2 Or Prison Compound: Sing Sing2.21 Fencing .2.22 Drainage2.23 The Observation Tower2.24 Religion2.25 Family2.26 Sources Of Income2.27 The Response Of The Internees2.28 Living In The Concentration Camp

2.28.1 Germans2.28.2 Austro-Hungarians2.28.3 Bulgarians2.28.4 Natural Born Australians O/German Descent

2.29 Deaths2.30 Military Buildings

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6613131416222223232525282828282929303434353535353737383939404040404040

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CONTENTS CONT...

2.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT (CONT'D)2.31 Guard House2.32 Officers' Tennis Court2.33 The Camp Guard2.34 The Closure Of The Camp2.35 Post World War One Development2.36 Further Research2.37 Sources

2.38 END NOTES

3.0 SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

4.0 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD4.1 Methodology4.2 Layout Of The Report

5.0 INVENTORY OF HISTORIC SITES AND RELICS

6.0 HISTORICAL PLANS

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641414142424749

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1.1 BACKGROUND

The Australian Department of Defence proposes to construct an army field hospital onCommonwealth land approximately 4kms south-east of the present Holsworthy railwaystation. The proposed construction zone is located on the southern side of Artillery Roadabout lkm east of its junction with Old Illawarra Road. Works will impact on the formerlocation of the main compound area of the World War I German Concentration Camp.

Godden Mackay have been commissioned to provide a Conservation Plan for the proposedconstruction zone. This conservation plan includes an assessment for the extant fabriccurrently on site. An evaluation of the likelihood for the survival of potentialarchaeological features and deposit in the area to be impacted is also provided for by anarchaeological assessment, which is addressed in a separate volume.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

GODDENMACKAY

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These reports are accompanied by an archival recording of the extant fabric of study areasouth of Artillery Road.

1.2 AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION

The following report has been prepared by Don Godden and Jill Sheppard and reviewed byTony Brassil of Godden Mackay. Beverley Johnson (consultant historian) and Don Goddenare the authors of the historical outline presented in Section 2. Digitising and analysis ofhistoric plans has been undertaken by Christina Kanellakis of Godden Mackay. Thephysical inspection, recording and assessment of the site was conducted by Don Goddenand Dominic Steele. Patrick Grant is the photographer who carried out the archivalrecording.

1.3 METHODOLOGY

This study has been undertaken in accordance with the Department of Planning, NSWHeritage Guidelines "How to Prepare Archival Records of Heritage Items" and the"Guidelines for Photographs Recording of Heritage Sites, Buildngs and Structures". Itdraws on the findings and history prepared for the First Field Hospital Site, Holsworthy,Conservation Plan, prepared according to the methodology developed by AustraliaICOMOS and outlined in the Conservation Plan by J.S. Kerr.

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GODDENMACKAY

1.4 TERMINOLOGY

The terminology employed in this report is consistent with the definitions provided inArticle 1 of the Burra Charter (Appendix A) for the words place, cultural significance,fabric, conservation, maintenance, preservation, restoration, reconstruction, adaptationand compatible use.

1.5 STUDY AREA

The study area is located on Commonwealth land approximately 4kms south-east of thepresent Holsworthy railway station. The proposed location of the Holsworthy Army FieldHospital is on the southern side of Artillery Road about 1km east of its junction with OldIllawarra Road.

The site is approximately rectangular in shape. With Artillery Road constituting itsnorthern perimeter, the site measures between 400m and 480m east-west by approximately350m north-south. The study area context is illustrated in Figure 1.1 and the study area inFigure 1.2. The precincts referred to in the report are illustrated in Figure 1.3.

1.6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The study team gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Gerhard Fischer, historian,Christina Razlowski, Curator, Liverpool Bicentennial Museum, Major Ewan Cameron, inthe preparation of this report.

Kurt Wagner and Noel Samya of Peddle Thorp also assisted and showed admirabletolerance as the report was reaching its final stage.

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GODDENMACKAY

2.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT

2.1 PREAMBLE

The site of the proposed Holsworthy Army Field Hospital was compulsorily acquired by theCommonwealth Government in 1913. There were some 80,000 acres of land on theoutskirts of Sydney reserved for military barracks, a training area and an artillery range. Atthis time the land consisted of both large and small holdings many of which were stillundeveloped although some of the land was planted with fruit trees and there were somemarket gardens in the area.

The small holdings which eventually became the area known as the German ConcentrationCamp were owned variously by James and Andrew Cowan, William Leane, E A McNeiland Giratamo Tome (from the Plan of the Liverpool Manoeuvre Area c1915) (Figure 1),and varied in size from 41-43 acres. It is not known if any of these small holdings werefenced. The map of 1915 does not show fence lines, buildings or improvements on the sitebut a second map, the Contour Map of the Manoeuvre area again of 1915 (Figure 2),indicates the "site of old home and garden" on the land formerly owned by E A McNeil.This building was well to the east of the Concentration Camp area.

The precise area which was occupied by the German Concentration Camp cannot be definedas a single land holding. The camp itself, including the main barracks areas, the armedforces barracks, the playing fields, guards barracks and facilities, hospital occupied an areawhich measures about 1~ kilometres by 1 kilometre. About a quarter of this total area wasenclosed by fences to form some five compounds which existed for the period of the camp.These compounds included the main barracks or No. 1 Compound Units, playing fields, thehospital compound, the military barracks for POW's (No.4 Compound) and the recalcitrantscompound (No.3 Compound). Another compound of unknown purpose known as No. 2Compound was located some 200m north of Artillery Road (Figure 3).

Outside the fenced areas there were gardens and a small orchard adjacent to the river wheresome of the internees who worked the gardens were allowed to swim. The camp also had asaw mill and a sandstone quarry where stone for the jail, the recreation area and thesergeants mess was extracted. Hence the area occupied by the camp and associatedactivities was never clearly defined.

The principle part of the Concentration Camp, the No.1 Compound or the Main Compound,was constructed on gently sloping land south of the newly constructed Artillery Road,which ran almost due east from Illawarra Road, now the Old Illawarra Road. Playing fieldswere established to the north and west of the compound and these were eventually fenced tobecome part of the compound. The guards barracks and the associated infrastructure werelocated on the north side of Artillery Road and eventually nine barrack buildings wereconstructed along with the railway station, goods store, a headquarters building, therecreation hall, sergeants mess, jail, guardhouse and a number of ancillary buildings.

6

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(JODDENMACKAY

The stables area was to the east of the internment camp while the hospital compound wasbuilt some 300 metres to the north of the stables (Figure 2.4). Between the stables and thehospital compound the military compound, which was built to hold prisoners of war (No.4Compound), was built (Figure 2.5).

The No.3 compound, for incalcitrants from both the No.4 and the No.l Compound whichwas also known as Sing Sing after the notorious American Civil prison, was constructed tothe south-west of the stables complex.

After the German Concentration Camp was closed in 1919 the defence forces used the landfor a number of specific purposes and a number of new buildings and structures wereerected between 1920 and 1970. It would appear that all of the buildings associated withthe internees were ephemeral in nature and when hostilities ceased the camp was razed. Notone of the former Concentration Camp structures in the area of the internees compoundremains. The only evidence of the camp exists in the three stone buildings north ofArtillery Road, the railway siding and its associated permanent way and some of the roadand kerbing.

The defence forces have continued to use the land for a number of military purposes.However in each case buildings which were erected there appear to be of a temporary natureand these, or materials from them, were recycled when their use on the site waned. Of thefour identified periods where buildings were constructed on site, practically nothingremains as the site remediation which follow each phase removed practically all cvidence ofthe previous occupation.

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Figure 2.4 The German Concentration Camp circa 1917 looking north-west. The Stables Buildings are in the foreground, the Main Compound in the Idt background Theheadquarters bul1dmgs and barracks for the guards and the recreatIon centre are m the middle background of the photograph. CAWM H17356)

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Figure 2.5 German Concentration Camp circa 1917. The No. 4 Compound which was used to house the Prisoners of War captured during land and sea battles. lbis compound

was isolated from the Main Compound. CAWM H17358)

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GODDENMACKAY

2.2 LAND TITLE INFORMATION

The study area encompasses four original land grants. A variety of leases/mortgages andother title transactions were also available (see attached computer folio search, Appendix B)however they sampled. The current title of the four blocks highlighted is computer folio1/825745 (DP 825745 - see Appendix B).

All four blocks were crown land until 1860 (C748690 - crown plan; See Appendix B). Inthat year the government sought to auction them off as a part of a group of twelve portions(they were portions 1A, 2A, 3 & 40. None of the subject blocks was sold. On May 10,1871 portions 3 & 4 (82a 2r) were transferred to William Lcane (see Bk 119. fol. 207). OnFebruary 18, 1891 portion lA (43a 3r) was transferred to Guiolamo Tome (see Bk. 1004fol. 250). On June 16, 1893 the last block, 2A (43a 3r) was transferred to David EdwardMcNeill (see Bk. 1103 fol. 13).

None of the title or transaction documents viewed record any plans showing structures onthe subject portions. Title documents regularly refer to 'tenements' ete, but this is an ambitclaim rather than a record of buildings any building on the land belongs to the land holder.The reason being that the title may be purchased without buildings and subsequentlydeveloped.

Documents viewed other than those referenced above were

U9137-8 & 9 (CMA)Vol 3788 fol.87Vol 1196 fol 99Vol 1006 fol 1371-8/825745 (current title for the whole Holsworthy complex)C686690 (incorrectly referenced - a plan of Manly Cove)

These portions were all resumed by the Commonwealth for defence purposes on March 7,1913 (Gov. Gaz). The title was consolidated in 1925 (Vol 3788 fol 87).

2.3 WAR

On 29th October 1914 the Commonwealth Parliament assented to the War Precautions Act,an act which enabled the Governor-General to 'make Regulations and Orders for the safety ofthe C-nmmonwealth during the present state of war'. Of the eleven clauses in the Act, thatrelating to 'aliens' within Australia was the most detailed. J

Recent analyses of Australia's response to the war have indicated the complexity of thatresponse, from the motivations of politicians to the individuals who stood to gain financiallyfrom the removal of 'enemy' business competitors. There were matters of patriotism andAustralia's 'identity'. There was the need for those at home to be a part of the war and one

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GODDENMACKAY

way to do this was by labelling any person with a German or Austrian link - past or present,tenuous or real- as"the enemy'?

As a result, some 6,890 people were interned in Australia. Of this number, approximately4,500 had lived in the country prior to August 1914. These were people who had migrated toAustralia, or German or Austrian nationals who represented overseas companies. (At thetime, trade with Germany - imports and exports - was the second largest of all Australiancommerce with 'foreign' countries. Also, Germany, after Great Britain and France, was thelargest buyer of Australian woo1.3

) Of those who had migrated to Australia, some sevenhundred were Australian citizens ('N.B.S.' - Naturalised British Subjects). Seventy wereAustralian-born individuals of German ancestry.4

The remainder were sailors taken from ships, or residents of other British areas from SouthEast Asia or the Pacific Region interned at the request of the British Government5 or thegovernment of the particular country.6

Although the majority resident in Australia were categorised as 'German' (5,500) with asmaller number 'Austro-Hungarians' (1,100), the divisions were more complex. The secondcategory included some seven hundred men who were Serbian, Croatian or Dalmatian butwhose countries fell within the boundaries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A lesser numberincluded Bulgarians (one hundred), Swiss, Americans, Russians, Dutch, Belgians and a Scat.The greater majority were men but there were also sixty-seven women and eighty-fourchildren interned.7

Initially people were detained in existing establishments - barracks or training camps - butwith the need for more'accommodation a camp was established in each military district.

Although the camp at Liverpool was called the German Concentration Camp, the word'concentration' was used in a manner closer to its early meaning of concentrating orcontaining a number of people in the one place. It was a technique used by the British againstthe Boers in South Mrica, although there, it is argued, the act of constraining the families ofthe Boers was 'a strategy which deprived the Boers of physical, material and moral support.

8

The first occupants arrived at Liverpool on 2nd September 1914. These were approximatelyone hundred seamen taken from German and English ships. Two days later they were joinedby eighty men from Newcastle, presumably also seamen.

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2.4 LIVERPOOL

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Accommodation consisted of tents, mostly bell tents with a few larger ones of the kind laterused by the camp as 'school tents'. The area was beside a main road and near the ground uponwhich, by August 1916, the Light Horse Camp stood.9

Prisoners and guards were accommodated together -

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GODDENMACKAY

In the evening, after darkness had enveloped the Camp, friend and foe assembledround a gigantic fire in the centre of the square. English and German songs andstories followed one another in happy sequence, and even dances were at timesindulged in. IO

Four weeks later prisoners of war arrived from New Guinea. These were the first Germans tocome to the camp who had actually taken part in the war, albeit for only a brief period.ll

As a result of the increase in numbers, work began to prepare an area which would laterbecome the permanent camp. The larger area of land had been acquired by theCommonwealth the previous year for an Army training area and artillery range and consistedof 80,000 acres of farm landY Within this, the site chosen for the barracks had been a largeorchard, completely surrounded by thick bush and scrub. The transfer was made on Saturday25th October, 1914. Already a band had been formed and it played the prisoners to their newcamp through 'pathless bush,.13

A man who arrived two days later, described the camp as he first saw it -

Before us lay a smooth, slightly sloping piece of ground on which were erectedsome 50 tents. Immediately to the right of this entrance stood a primitivelyconstructed kitchen, which should provide for our bodily well-being. The camp atthat time was not one-eighth its present size [August 1916J. The wire ran alongthe side of the camp, where the washing place now stands, about up to thepresent level of the 12th Company lines. The old recreation ground was there,but was an uneven, grass-grown field. Immediately behind the wire fences thebush commenced, which completely shut out all view of the outside world. .. I

4

By April 1915 there were permanent barracks and when two hundred prisoners arrived fromSingapore, including merchants and crew from the Emden's support ships, their first view ofthe camp was of a very different place -

From the outside the Camp creates the impression of a fair. Ten long rows ofwooden barracks which are open in front and look exactly like market stalls,constitute the dwellings of the prisoners. Every barrack shelters 100 men and isdivided into 10 messes. . .15

The first nights we all slept very badly as we had no beds and were forced tosleep on the floor on what looked something like a bag of straw. But soon thistrouble passed also. A few days later Redlich and I bought a double bed for 5/and a very original one it was. This bed was a simple structure of rough wood,thin tree trunks, above and in the middle of which was a compartment made outofsacking to receive our mattresses. I

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2.5 BARRACKS

These were built on the higher ground to achieve good drainage17 (Figure 2.6). In spite ofthat, in wet weather the mud was the subject of continuing complaint. It was not untilSeptember 1918 that the Acting Consul for Switzerland noted the construction of a system ofdeep drains. IS

The barracks were usually described as weatherboard, open on the lee side with a curtain/sailcloth/canvas blind (perhaps nothing was used in the beginningl9

) as protection from theweather (Figure 2.7). The roof was of corrugated iron/galvanized iron. Commandant Sand..was reported as telling a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the administration of the militarycamp during July/August 1915, that the shelters were his own design.

20

Although most references to the barracks described them as of weatherboard, two pieces ofcorrespondence from 1915 refer to the use of fibrous cement sheets. This was within thecontext of a complaint from the German Government in response to a report by the AmericanConsul-General. Replying, the Commandant of the Camp quoted from an internees'committee who had stated their preference for this design of hut (Pattern 'B') as against thatbuilt for the Australian troops (Pattern 'A'). The latter was built of corrugated iron andprobably fully enclosed. The former was the familiar construction with fibrous cement sheets,galvanised iron roof and blinds able to be lowered.

The committee argued that the climate, which was warm to 'trying heat' for probably eightmonths of the year, needed fresh air and sunlight for good ventilation, to keep out odours,infectious smells and air from the overcrowded rooms, also to act as a germ and bacteria

killer.21

The dimensions of the barracks and the number of men they accommodated varied with theobserver, perhaps these indicated actual changes.

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Figure 2.6 The German Concentration Camp circa 1917. The main compound is in the background with the Stables buildings in the right foreground. Note the plantmgs

adjacent to the road which encircles the stables. (AWM H17355)

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Figure 2.7 German Concentration Camp circa 1916. The north-west corner of the Main Compound with Artillery Road in the foreground. 1be ablutions block is in the midground still uncovered, directly in front is the laundry while in the right background there is the tennis court. The timbers by the roadside are either extensions to the compound

or for further building construction CAWM H11699D).

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Date: Dimensions (ft.) Floor space No. accommodatedper person

01.5.15 2022

July/August 1915Inquiry: 115' x 9' (45 shelters) 5523

20:7:16 28 1/2 sq ft24

30:1:17 100 to 110 x 9 2' X 9' 50-5525

26:9:18 125' x 9' 22 1/2 sq ft 51and

150' x 9' 261/2 sq ft 61 26

1918 9' 6" high, 9' deep 9' x 2'4"27

Fischer: 120' x 9' x 8'6" 50

(Author) and144' x 9' x 8'6" 6028

Barracks twenty-seven to thirty-two, Anthony Splivalo related in his book published in 1982,were erected for the men with whom he transferred from the Rottnest Island Camp off thecoast of Western Australia. This was in the last month of 1915. He also noted distinctionswhich other recollections do not contain -

At one end of each barrack Wa5 a small cubicle, a room so to .speak. One wasreserved for the company commander; the other was usually allotted to a personwith some physical disability, or to someone performing a semi-official functionin the camp - the mayor of the camp, or the camp postman, for example. 29

Although the physical division was ten men to a mess, Splivalo recalled that most divided intogroups of five, a more 'congenial' number. Occupying half a mess they shared some ninetysquare metres of tloor space - about nine tongue-and-groove boards per man.

30Gerhard

Fischer, however, writes of the barracks as designed this way with two cros.<;ed timber plankscreating open areas nine by twelve feet wide to be shared by five people.

3l

At this time, says Splivalo, there were one hundred and four barracks each accommodatingfifty-one men. The heavy canvas awning - one to each mes.<; - was fastened at night with rope.During hot or wet days the awning was stretched out on two long poles

32(see Figure 2.8).

Splivalo also recalled that the older barracks, originally painted white, had weathered togrey.33

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Figure 2.8 Gennan Concentration Camp circa 1917. The Main C,ompound, Artillery Road and the Main Gates in the foreground. The ephemeral nature of the barracks withtheir corrugated iron roofs and canvas drop sheet fronts run in rows up the hill. The drainage system on either side of the Principle Road, known as Kaiser Filhem Strasser, only

partially alleviated problems caused by wet weather. (AWM H17349)

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When, late in 1916, Gennans arrived from Tsingtau in China, their barracks had been builtby Gennan carpenters.34

The streets between the barracks were 10' wide (3m)35), with every fourth street 25' (7m)wide.36 It was noted in 1916 that these and other open areas were not lit at night, makinggutters and unfenced excavations dangerous3

? (Figure 2.7).

The barracks were not furnished. In the beginning each man built his bunk with timber fromthe nearby bush. Bags, rope or wire were bought by the individual. The Canteen sold emptyboxes for tables, chairs, etc. also nails. Blankets - not necessarily sufficient - were supplied aswas hessian and straw for a mattress. 38 Some preferred not to use the straw because withoutit the bed remained cleaner and freer from insecl".39

Anthony Splivalo's group of five men built two double bunks which they placed against thesides of their area, the fifth, a single bunk, was against the back wall. For the social spacethey built a table and small stools.4o

By May 1917 iron bedsteads were being made in the camp to supplement, perhaps graduallyreplace, the wooden ones, because of vermin.41 By September of the following year ironframed wire netting bunks had been installed throughout. 42 It is likely that this was when themen began to build space-saving triple bunks which were attached to the back wall of theliving area.43

Splivalo described the introduction of the tlat steel col" -

One edge was fastened by brackets to the wall, the front edge suspended by steelbands fastened to the rafters. There were five beds to each section, arranged inthree tiers two beds lengthwise in the lowest tier, two in the middle tier, with thefifth bed high above. Since the beds were arranged lengthwi.se along the wall, lVe

had a much greater floor area than before.,14

But in fact the bed bugs were not dissuaded by the new conditions. The problem continued.

Another internee described the bedsteads as 5' 9" x 2'2", with ten suspended on the sameframe, which left only I' 10" between an upper and lower bunk.45

In spite of these improvements, in June 1918, internees wrote to the Minister for Defence,mentioning, amongst many other things, that some men were still without beds although theyhad been at the camp for up to two years. They likened the space each occupied to'approximately equivalent to that provided for passengers on the railways'.46

Ultimately the barracks area expanded to some 118,000 square metres.4?

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One of the continuing criticisms was the dust, often the first thing seen by the approachingvisitor. This was both the nature of the area and because the number of occupants had worndown any existing grass. Water was sprinkled on the passage ways at regular intervals, butsoon dried OUt.48

The Acting Swiss Consul reported that for the men - 'The dust nuisance seems to be a matterthat, next to the very internment itself, with its highly demoralizing barrack life, gives morecause for serious complaint than any of the other discomforts.' It often caused sore orinflammed eyes and also affected the ears, nose, throat and lungs.49 To reduce the problem,some time prior to September 1918 the wide thoroughfares and large areas within the barrackgrounds were covered with tar.50 This would also have improved the counter problem of themuddiness during wet weather.51

2.7 ABLUTIONS

Washing was not permitted in the sleeping/living accommodation.

The area for showering and bathing was some distance from the barracks. The AmericanConsul-General, visiting the camp in May 1916, noted that conditions had improved since aprevious visit. There were six hot shower baths and twenty cold shower baths, also fortyeight tubs and taps for washing, but they were not in a building or under cover.52 By thenthere were 4,299 men in the camp.53 Splivalo wrote of the showers having a hessian wall toscreen them from the road.54

The Swiss Consul, Marc Rutty, visiting in May 1917 and September 1918 thought there wasadequate water, showers and washing places within easy reach of the barracks.

55Yet,

between these two visits, with almost six thousand men there, there were still only forty-twocold showers. They were still without cover. With the expansion of the camp, some had up toa quarter of a mile walk to reach them.56

A 1918 reference noted fifty-six taps with washing troughs and thirty-five without, forty-fourcold douches for four thousand three hundred internees. The douches were without roof orgratings.57

The hot showers and baths were run by internees and a charge was made for their usv.58According to Splivalo the bath house specialised in hot and cold showers. It sold a book ofcoupons which entitled the purchaser to one shower a day for a month.59

22

2.8 LATRINES

GODDENMACKAY

IIIII

L

The Deputy Paymaster of the Emden had not been impressed with the closets: 'They consistof a pole under which is a row of buckets. The whole is surrounded by a shrubbery.,60

By the time Splivalo arrived, things had improved -

Nearby stood one of the two camp sanitary facilities. Both latrines were long andrectangular, with walls and roofs made of eucalyptus saplings tightly nailedtogether. The aromatic emanations from the cut eucalyptus wood served as anair purifier. Both conveniences had concrete floors, which through constant andheavy useage had acquired a lustrous patina. Each had about thirty commodes,the wooden casings of which were of unique, cubistic design. In both theseestablishments the commodes were arranged in two long rows along the walls.The close proximity of one to the other created favourable conditions forconviviality and socializing, especially early in the evening after the labours ofthe day were finished. .. At night two Dietz hurricane lamps hung from the roofofeach facility, one at each end of the building.61

The American Consul-General observed in May 1916 that the latrines had 'seatingaccommodation for five per cent of the prisoners l

•62

They were mentioned again two months later when the urinals were also described asinadequate. There were five latrines of the ordinary pan system, with twenty-five pans in oneunpartitioned lavatory. Every two adjoining closets were lit by three stable oillamps.63

A year later the Swiss Consul felt that the system was unlikely to cause an epidemic becauseof the care the officials displayed in distributing disinfectants and the commonsense of theinternees.64 In fact, the internees organised a cleaning system with the latrines emptied andcleaned twice daily by volunteers who received payment for the work.

65

2.9 LAUNDRY

The arrangements for washing garments gained less attention than other activities, however inJuly 1916 there was said to be no laundry and no hot water.66 Splivalo's description is of acombined laundry and ablutions block67 (Figure 2.9).

23

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

" . Ca . 1917 The north-west corner of the M;;i~ Co~pound with-~illery Road in the foreground. The laundry is on the right, now

~~~;:; ::d ~::;:n~~~:~:~os~ree:;sc~~C::he lef~ background. "Ibe two rows of fence ports with 12 strands of barbed wire formed the perimeter to the main internees

compound (No.1 Compound) CAWM Hl7352)

24

GODDENMACKAY

2.10 KITCHENS

Splivalo described 'two cavernous kitchens' which were close to the latrines thus creating aproblem with flies.68 They were roofed with corrugated iron, and for reasons of ventilation thesides were only partly covered. (boking was done 'in large cauldrons, set on heavy steelplates, laid over a long trench about waist high. The trench was fired through openings ateach end with long eucalyptus logs'. Beside each kitchen was a water tank on a woodenstand.69

In May 1915 an amount of $700 [US] was being spent on the kitcheIl.'i. 7o Commandant Sandswas reported as telling the 1915 Inquiry he had installed five large stoves, adequate for 3,500men, in properly built kitchens. There were also hot water boilers.71

By September 1918 there were three kitcheIl.'i. 72

Also in September 1918 a representative of the Fire Brigade reported on a new bakehouse(Figure 2.10) -

... which is built of hard wood framing and weather board, rubberoid roofingand softwood (pine) lining. There are two large brick and stone ovens with aniron chimney from each fire in the ovens. These chimney are about 10 [sic I andthey pass through the wooden ceiling and rubberoid roof to the open.

The present conditions are extremely dangerous, as there is only about 1 fI

clearance between the chimney and the ceiling boards, and a few inches of sheetiron is placed around a similar opening in the roof through which they pass. Ihave no hesitation in saying that if this is not attended to, there will be a seriousfire here and they will lose the building, as the wood is in a very dry state and thewater supply will be insufficient. 73

2.11 HOSPITAL

Splivalo described the hospital as 'on a rise in the rolling terrain', looking, with the smallauxiliary buildings, like small cottages - simple rectangular structures painted with white'calcimine,74 (Figure 2.11).

In 1916 the American Consul-General noted that the hospital ward accommodated forty bedswith two resident [camp] physicians and a third available in Liverpool. There were dailyvisits and regular dental services.75 There was a sanitarium for pulmonary cases.

In January 1917 the hospital consisted of four rooms built of asbestos, each containing twelvebeds. Onc visitor on inspection criticised the smallness of the area around the hospital,enclosed by barbed wire. For the mobile patient there was neither chair nor table. Meals hadto be eaten sitting on a bed or standing Up.76

25


- -

Figure 2.10 German Concentration Camp circa 1917. Tbe bakery in the Main Compound. This was one of the most substantial buildings on the site but it was regarded as a

fire hazard. CAWM H17371)

26

-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Figure 2.11 The Hospital Compound with its fibro-sheathed and corrugated iron clad wards. The purpose of the tents along the right hand side of the ward is unknown

(AWMH17366)

27

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GODDENMACKAY

Four months later the Swiss Consul noted four large rooms with sixteen beds to a room,together with several tents for special cases of infectious diseases.. Whilst commenting on thelack of chairs and tables he also noted that there were none in the military guard hospitaleither. A patients' dining room, with all modem conveniences, was nearing completion.

17

By November 1918 there were five wards, 33 x 18 x 12, each with ten beds. Four wards werefor general cases and one for surgical patients.

Although there were a number of men with rheumatism and sciatica, it was reported by oneman that internees did not seek treatment because the out-patients section was on the openverandah of the hospital.78

The tubercular cases were in a separate compound with an extensive area around the barrackfor recreation purposes.

The venereal compound was a small enclosure close to the hospita1.79

2.12 ELECTRICITY

Commandant Sands was reported as telling the 1915 Inquiry that a plant had been installedutilising the skills of three Austrian internees (Figure 3.1). This allowed the use of charcoalinstead of petrol. The plant was used during the day 'on a wood-saw bench,.80

2.13 THE EASTERN OR TRIAL BAY COMPOUND

In mid-1918 this compound was built for five hundred internees from Trial Bay. It was quiteseparate from the main compound and no contact was allowed.8i

2.14 NEW BARRACKS

New barracks were constructed in anticipation of the arrival of German civilians from Africaand China. When they failed to arrive the accommodation was used to separate the Austrianprisoners - mainly ethnic groups from what was to become Yugoslavia - from the Germans.Although living in a separate compound and developing a distinct set of institutions, the twocompounds were accessible during the day until the 5pm roll call.

82

2.15 WORK

There were many criticisms of the system of work. One was expressed in 1915 during a visitof the American Consul-General. This work consisted of a four-hour period of land clearing.The Consul-General reported -

28

GODDENMACKAY

There is a feeling amongst many of them that it is beneath their dignity to do thiswor~ and several expressed to me the opinion that they would rather forego the1/- ... Others objected to being supervised by very young troopers, sergeants,corporals, etc. They thought it would have been more appropriate to have acommissioned officer in charge.83

In June 1915, after general dissatisfaction in the camp culminated in a strike, compulsorylabour was replaced by voluntary work for which they were paid.84

The shortage of available work was also a problem.85 When the American Consul-Generalvisited again some eight months later the system in operation was to employ one thousandmen for two weeks. of which five hundred worked in the morning and the second five hundredeach afternoon. At the end of the two weeks another thousand men replaced them. There werealso twenty carpenters working, as well as stable men, men in the canteen, cooks and othersdoing unspecified 'special work'. The anticipated construction of a railway line held futurepossibilities. The Consul-General noted that over a thousand of the internees did not wish towork.86 •

The system had become more sophisticated by May 1917. Between seven hundred and fiftyand eight hundred internees were working a seven-day week on things such as road makingand bush clearing. Casual work was available for a fourteen day period at which point otherinternees took over for a similar period.8?

Complaints continued, with some - including some without private means or income volunteering to the visiting Swiss Acting Consul that they would not 'stoop' to work for thewages offered. By then all those working in the kitchen and bakeries were German internees.ss

2.15.1 Work on the Railway Line

During 1917 internees worked on the construction of a railway line from Liverpool station tothe larger camp. The arrangement was that the first 2.2km would be constructed by the NewSouth Wales Railways with the balance of the line the responsibility of the CommonwealthGovernment using internees from the Concentration Camp. It was built during the periodFebruary 1917 to 21 January 1918.89

2.16 Chosen and Skilled Work

Although there was resistance and resentment towards the work required or offered, therewere many skills within the camp which were utilised. Ships' carpenters, for example, wereresponsible for a range of structures from furniture to buildings.9o

'Well conducted' men could grow vegetables in a twenty-five acre area with a river frontage.The sale of the vegetables provided income.91

29

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GODDENMACKAY

Internees had a number of ideas which they tried to have instituted. One was to set up campsfor voluntary internees where, with restricted parole, they could work on such things as bushclearing, prickly pear destruction, rabbit and mice destruction, etc.

92

Another detailed plan was described within a letter prepared in response to an article in theSunday Times in December 1917, on the subject of using internees' labour. The documentdetailed a scheme which had been presented to authorities but rejected by the DefenceDepartment. Twelve projects were suggested for within the camp, from a piggery and poultryfarm to broom making, there were also two suggestions for clerical work. Work outside thecamp for paroled Australians varied from road building on Crown Land and military reservesto harvesting. Some including costing for a twelve month period. The letter was returned. TheIntelligence Officer had noted that 'letters to newspapers are not allowed. t93 The threemasonry buildings, the Jail, the Recreation Centre and the Sergeants Mess are all reported to

have been constructed by skilled internees (Figure 2.12).

2.17 Recreation

Splivalo recalls a period when there were five thousand men in the camp and very little spacefor recreation. Consequently two areas were fenced for daytime use. One was an extension ofthe main compound and of almost equal size. On three sides was a barbed wire fence on asingle line of tall, heavy posts. The fourth side was the triple barbed wire fence of the main

compound.94

By May 1915 there were three theatres, a picture show, two skittle alleys, two tennis courts, afootball ground, band pavilion, an orchestra and three pianos. A large tent held eight school

rooms.95

The Deutsches Theater Liverpool (D.T.L.) was established in November 1914.96

Shroeder,writing in 1916, recalled that the first performance space was a tent, offering little shelter andseating for only about one hundred people. Splivalo described the timber used to support thetent and for a platform and furniture. It came from an abandoned farmhouse and auxiliarybuildings in a nearby eucalyptus grove, presumably on land acquired by the Government.

97In

due course it was recycled for use in the construction of the theatre.

The theatre hall, as Shroeder called it, was built with financial help from the Singaporeprisoners. The authorities contributed corrugated iron roofing material but the interneesprovided the labour and the cost of any materials for the interior.

98It was twenty-four metres

long and nine metres wide.99

The theatre opened on the 26th June 1915 with performances by three clubs - theatrical,singing, and orchestra. There was seating for three hundred and fifty people, space for anorchestra, a large stage, and dressing rooms. For Schroeder, in the new building the D.T.L.developed into something very favourably comparable with a provincial theatre at 'Home'.lOO

30

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Figure 2.12 The stone-masonry Sergeants Mess which was located on the extreme north of the Guards Barrack area. This is one of the true complete buildings dated from the1914-1918 German Concentration Camp site. CAWM H17364)

31


GODDENMACKAY

Although the orchestra had begun as a piano and violins, in the weeks preceding the openingof the new theatre professional musicians had arrived, consequently the audience was given a'feast of classical and other music'. Initially the orchestra consisted of nine members, laterincreasing to twenty.IOI

In due course a second structure was added to increase the size of the stage, possibly withadditional dressing rooms and storage Space.102

By July 1916 there was the theatre; an open cinema with two shows per week showing4/5000 feet of ftIms each; one small ex-ship's library; two tennis courts; one football groundand one general playground.I03

At first the films were screened on an outdoor wooden screen built beside the theatre. Later a'large canvas-covered building' named the Austro-Hungarian Theatre was built for films,mass meetings and choral and orchestral productions. It seated several hundred peoplelO4

(Figure 2.13).

Ludwig Schroeder produced the monthly 'Kamp Spiegel' using the theatre printing press.I05

In January 1917 a promised reading room had not been built. This was panicular importantbecause, as had been noted six months earlier, there was only one stable oil-Iantem to eachmess of ten men which gave no light for reading - although private oil-lamps were allowed.lOO

Old tents were used for lectures, but they were almost unusable in rainy weather. The threehundred seat theatre was too small and there was a plan for a large new theatre after whichthe existing one was to be convened to a reading room.107

Four months later there was still no reading room but a large open air free moving picturetheatre had been established. The completion of the new theatre had been stopped by theinternees as the result of an unspecified and intemal disagreement.108

By September 1918 there were a variety of athletic and social clubs for football, hockey, batball (about four hundred and ninety-five members), tennis, boxing and gymnasium (about sixhundred members), dramatic and chess clubs, two choral societies, several theatres, an openair free picture show, four detached school-rooms for study and educational pUrposes.IOOThere were also numismatic and philatelic clubs and natural science associations.HO TheSchool of Arts and Crafts once organised an exhibition which attracted three hundred entriesand required a guide book.ll1

Then there was the attempt at sailboating - but the ground was too rough. 'It was a wonderfuladventure, we said to one another, sadly.'ll2

Men were able to swim in the river although this may have been restricted to those tendingtheir gardens or at a time when there was a problem with the water supply.113

32

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Figure 2.13 The south end of German Concentration Camp circa 1917. The end of the Main Compound is in the background. The Austrian or Austro-Hunganan theatre IS the

large building in the foreground of the Main Compound. CAWM H17354)


GODDENMACKAY

2.18 OTHER FACILITIES - CANTEEN, SHOPS AND CAFES

A canteen was a part of the camp, the major source of meals and one means through whichother supplies were obtained.

The small shopping area was designed by German engineers and architects and built byGerman craftsmen. Building materials, ovens, table ware, etc., were ordered from Sydney.Later there was a pawn shop also selling used clothing, later again new garments. There wasa leather works, a book bindery, cigar stands and lending libraries. There was a milk andcheese business and a photographic studio. Men selling coffee from mobile coffee stands werecalled Coffee Cruisers. There were numerous other goods for sale.114

Anthony Splivalo describes also an entrepreneurial venture consisting of an oval skating rinkwith a 'luxurious' restaurant and coffee shop. Then billiard and snooker were added toenlarged premises. 'As well as bringing new and lucrative business,' wrote Splivalo, 'thisenhanced the status of the establishnient. It was definitely an upper class place!,115

By September 1918, in the main compound there were an unspecified number of butchers'shops and fruit shops, nine cafes and restaurants supplying meals, tea, coffee and pastry, withsix cafes supplying coffee and rolls.116 Also a post office and a bakery.111

As well as purchasing items through these establishments, some internees also ordered itemsdirectly from Sydney.

2.19 CAMP COMMITIEE

Although previously there had been some form of company representation, the campcommittee came into being in 1915 after camp unrest and a strike. The role of the newcommittee was to communicate any complaint to the Commandant and act generally onbehalf of internees.llS

After a second strike in July 1915, Shroeder argued the following year, things had quietened.down partly because the camp was left largely to manage its own domestic affairs. As anexample, he cites the dismissal of the cooks for not working satisfactorily. 'For the first time'he wrote, 'we saw what could be done by means of well-organised housekeeping.'119 Although,having said this, a week later he wrote that after Louis Burkhardt resigned as president of thecommittee, the quality of the membership had gradually declined as it was taken over by 'theworst elements in camp' until 'the events of the 26th April, which ultimately freed the Campfrom an unbearable state of affairs.'l20

At some stage the institution of an elected mayor was introduced. This needed to be a person,it has been said elsewhere, who was a 'well respected and educated German who could dealwith the Commandant on equal intellectual footing.'121

34

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2.20 NO. 2 OR PRISON COMPOUND: SING SING

In 1916 Sing Sing was described as a special compound for prisoners who had attempted toescape or who had violated other camp rules. At the time there were twenty-one men there.Within this special compound they were housed in tents, two of which had wooden floors. l22

Splivalo described a later rectangular structure of eucalyptus saplings nailed tightly to heavycross timbers on the roof and sides. The saplings were also 'tightly bound and heavilyintertwined with a massive mesh of barbed wire'. It was painted white with 'calcimine' (Figure2.14).123

In turn this was replaced by a building of reinforced concrete with a heavy wrought iron fenceand an ornate iron gate. l24

2.21 FENCING

Splivalo described this as -

... three (sic) rows of2.4metre heavy posts. Each row consisted ofno less thantwelve parallel lines of tightly strung barbed wire. The spaces between thesethree fences were intricately and painstakingly criss-crossed for their entirelength by kilometres and kilometres of great loops and swirls of additionalbarbed wire. More heavy masses of these prickly coils were piled up in thecorners and at other points which the Australian military architects consideredvulnerable. The lines and coils of barbed wire were so thick that even a mousecould not have squeezed through without leaving a sample of its fur stuck to thebarbs. The barbed wire jungle thus placed around us, resembled a giganticcrown ofthorns.

Supplementing these comprehensive efforts . .. hundreds of empty jam tins weremobilized and hung on the barbed wire along such stretches as were consideredpenetrable.125

2.22 DRAINAGE

Although the drainage was seen to be inadequate, Commandant Sands was reported as havingtold the 1915 Inquiry there was an underground system which drained some two-hundredand-fifty yards to a creek which ran into the salt water of the George's River.l26

2.23 THE OBSERVATION TOWER

The tower was nine metres outside the fence. A tapering structure, it was built of eucalyptustimber. Between the uprights was a guardhouse with a walk and railing on the four sides. At

35


- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -

Figure 2.14 German Concentration Camp circa 1917. Recalcitrants Compound or Compound No. 3. This compound housed the criminal element of the internees. They arescreened from the Main Compound by a brush fence. (AWM H17353)

36

GODDENMACKAY

the top was a 'kiosk' with a canvas top and sides where guard was maintained twenty-fourhours a day. A searchlight was used at night, and a machine gun kept in readiness. Polescarrying electric lights were outside the fence on the four sides. This tower was later replacedby a higher, steel tower.127

2.24 RELIGION

Most internees were either agnostics or atheists,128 but services were held in the theatre andpossibly the school tent on Sunday. There were clergymen interned - including Buddhistpriests of German origin.129 Another religious internee was from S1. Brigid's Retreat in theSydney suburb of Marrickville.130

2.25 FAMILY

Arrangements for the visits of family members was something of great concern and distress.Initially these were monthly and for just fifteen minutes but later increased to fortnightlyvisits of two hours duration.131

Representatives of the Camp Committee in July 1916 sent a letter to the Minister forDefence. A published statement by the Minister had said that the 'living conditions of civiliansinterned in Australia should be approximately equal to the same standard Civilian Interneesenjoy in Ruhleben, Germany.' Drawing on the experiences of a naturalised Australian whohad been interned in Ruhleben for 7lh. months, exchanged in December 1915 to England, theninterned in Australia, the committee drew comparisons between the two places.

They were very critical of the arrangements for family visits. If permission was granted, aninternee's wife and near relatives could visit him every second Sunday from 2pm to 4pm. Theinternees were taken out of camp under guard to a point some half mile distant from thecamp, where they were 'herded in a circle'. One recent improvement had been that interneeswere able to build out of bush timber, at their own expense, a shelter for the visit.

A body and parcel search was made of internees both leaving and re-entering the camp. Theparcels of the visitors were also searched. Any small quantities of wine or beer found wereconsumed by the guards in front of the visitors. An officer was usually present to 'control anddirect' the conversation.

Although in May 1917 the Swiss Consul noted that a 'paddock of some acres had beenprovided and the restrictions eliminated, so long as the regulations were observed, and thatinternees and their families could walk about with the utmost liberty' he does not indicatewhich regulations remained. l32

Splivalo's recollection was of an unfenced area surrounded by woods but supervised from adistance by the Australian military police. The men were allowed to take a small tent or

37



GODDENMACKAY

canvas screen into the area. They were searched when leaving and returning to thecompound.133 An alternate recollection was of a 'sort of shed' for protection against rain.l34

Later a building was constructed which separated internee from visitor by both barbed wireand a corridor.l35 After limited use and a change of Commandant the building ceased to beused and an open area was cleared for this purpose, however this gave no protection against·the weather and for that reason was totally unsatisfactory.

Men who were engaged had no visiting rights. Attempts to have their fiancees visit Liverpoolwere met with the response that visits were limited to wife and family.

In 1918 the category of visitor was increased to include parents and sons- or daughters-in-law.l36 . . .

Many men suffered great distress because of the poverty stricken conditions under which theirfamilies lived, some dependent on parents or other family members for survival. This wasparticularly true of those men who had volunteered for internment because they had lost theirjobs due to their 'Germanness' and who for the same reason had been unable to get newemployment. A payment was made to wives by the Government but this was small and oftenthe payment was irregular.137 Some women wrote asking to be interned with their husbands.l38

The illness or death of a family member was noralways seen as sufficient grounds for beinggranted leave from the camp. There were restrictions on letter writing.

The circumstances under which men had had to leave their homes at extremely short noticewas another continuing source of distress. One ~tory was told by a man who had been forcedto leave his two teenage children alone on his farm. As a consequence his daughter was'seduced' and a pregnancy resulted.

2.26 SOURCES OF INCOME

Anthony Splivalo wrote of the sources of income for those in the Concentration Camp. Hesaid that although enemy assets were frozen by the Commonwealth Government, interneeswere able to spend money for their personal needs. The moneyed class within the compoundhe saw as the former big business men and corporation executives from Sydney andMelbourne, the many traders and importers interned and those seized by the British in the FarEast. Next were the ex-owners of small businesses in Australia and others who had workedthere long enough to have accumulated money.139

Then there were the members of crews of the German ships. The North German UoydCompany paid the men one German mark for each day of their detention. Their allowancewas paid monthly. There were those who worked for the military, those in the kitchens andthe hospital, those who handled freight coming into the compound and men who did repair

38

GODDENMACKAY

work. There were the men who constructed new buildings and those who worked in thecompound maintaining its standard of cleanliness.l40

2.27 THE RESPONSE OF THE INTERNEES

Existing documents indicate that many internees did not accept their internment peacefullybut wrote letters, sought legal advice, challenged Army personnel, and made many attemptsto be freed - or at the very least to be told the grounds upon which they had been interned.

In October 1916, the Commandant of Concentration Camps had written to Headquartersconcerning a promotion for Lieut. K. W. Street. 'This officer' he had said, 'who is a barristeris doing excellent work with the internees, which practically monopolises the whole of histime, and it is work that cannot be shared with others . . . 141 What work Lieut. Street wasdoing with the internees was not noted, but the assumption is made that there would not havebeen a reference to his profession had that not been significant.

2.28 LIVING IN THE CONCENTRATION CAMP

The assessment of the lives of the men in the camp made during the war and after it, oftenreflected the physical and metaphoric position of the assessor. Outsiders and some campguards saw 'the enemy' living a life of cafes and entertainment.

The internees described a primitive existence in overcrowded conditions. They wereconcerned about their families, their businesses, their lives. The camp made no allowance foreducational, social or cultural difference. Men of different and conflicting 'ethnic' originscould be forced to share the limited space.

'Barbed Wire disease' was the term used for boredom, another problem of internment life.Boredom resulting in apathy, irritation, aggression or severe depression.142 There wereinstances of suicide and cases of insanity - at least nine men were committed to theGladesville Mental Hospital. It was to counter this that the many 'amusements' developed.Men sketched, painted, made models, sculpted, carved wood. At Christmas they made toysfor the children at the Bourke camp. The library was an accumulation of a number of Ship'slibraries and donated volumes. Eventually it contained some two thousand books.143 Otherrecreational occupations have already been listed.

Anthony Splivalo, through his job in the Censor's office, got to know many internees. Heplaced them in the following categories -

39



GODDENMACKAY

2.28.1 Germans

The largest national group. Most had families in Germany but some also had links withAustralia and New Zealand. Their occupations included seamen, farmers, labourers,carpenters, small businessmen, top business executives, doctors of philosophy, scientists,musicians, engineers, colonial administrators, artists, a diplomatic representative, a banker, .butchers, bakers, sausage makers, teachers, poets, actors, stage managers, impressarios,literati, boxing champions, wrestlers, athletes and tennis players.

l44

2.28.2 Austro-Hungarians

The majority, approximately thirteen hundred, were Slavs, mostly Dalmatians, also a verysmall number of Czechs and Hungarians.

Most of the Hungarians (only a few), Austrians and Czechs lived in the German barracks.145

2.28.3 Bulgarians

The third largest national group numbering about forty. They were not long in the camp, soonleaving for Broken Hili to process steei for the British military forces.

l46

2.28.4 Natural Born Australians of German Descent

The smallest group - Splivalo numbers them at about twenty. He states that they were in anew section of the compound and formed their own community.147

2.29 DEATHS

limited research for this report and more extensive research by the Uverpool BicentennialMuseum has not produced evidence of the burial of any man within the grounds of the camp.

A paragraph exists indicating the procedure in the case of the 21-year-old Max Arndt whodied during the mid-1915 strike. He was buried at Rookwood by the German Pastor Schenkin the presence of two 'representatives'. At the camp a memoriam (sic) service was held in thetheatre hall.l48

2.30 MILITARY BUILDINGS

The military support buildings have not been researched but the following references werenoted.

An April 1917 reference spoke of wooden buildings near the officers quarters, a provisionand general store, clothing depot and the tent makers ShOp.149

40

GODDENMACKAY

When a representative of the Fire Brigade visited the camp in September 1918 he wrote -

Since my last visit, several large buildings have been erected. They are built ofstone, wood, wood and iron, and wood and rubberoid. ..

. . . There is also a large block of wood and iron buildings used as stables,workshops, stores and men's quarters.I50

2.31 GUARD HOUSE

The guardhouse was outside the compound. Splivalo's recollection was of a 'ramshacklehouse with slanting iron roof and a crooked stove pipe'. An armed sentry kept watch on theroad some twelve metres from the guardhouse. He had a little kiosk as protection from theweather. ,151

2.32 OFFICERS' TENNIS COURT

This was on level ground below the camp hospital.152

2.33 THE CAMP GUARD

These were men who had been rejected by the AIF as unfit for service.153 The Commandantof the Camp wrote in early 1917 -

The condition ofservice here are much harder and more monotonous than in anyordinary Military Camp and it is impossible for a man without good feet andlegs to stand the strain. An impression seems to prevail that any 'crock' will dofor the job and this erroneous idea is costing the country a good deal ofmoney .

154

Some smuggled items for the prisoners. On at least one occasion four prisoners escaped withthe assistance of the guards. This was not done out of sympathy, it has been suggested, butpurely as a financial transaction.

The following year Holman wrote again on the subject, stating that fifty per cent of thecrimes committed by the Guard were for being A.W.L., which had become a fashionablemeans of getting out of the service. The previous year there had been over eight hundreddischarges. He noted that isolation, monotony, absence of amusement, transport expenses andthe distribution of canteen profits were some of the factors.155

As has been said elsewhere - 'It was a boring and tedious job in the most unattractive andisolated military outpost - a far cry from their dreams of heroism at the front.,156

41

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2.34 THE CLOSURE OF THE CAMP

From mid-1919 the internees began leaving and the last man left the camp on 5 May 1920.157

The greater number were deported.

The sources researched made no reference to the closure of the camp nor of the demolition or .removal of any of the buildings.

2.35 POST WORLD WAR ONE DEVELOPMENT

No records which dealt specifically with the use of the land after the German ConcentrationCamp period were located. However a detailed search of the defence archives was notundertaken because of time constraints. The site was developed in three distinct phasesafter 1919.

Phase 11 - 1920 to 1945

It appears that the compounds were cleared of all buildings structures soon after theninternees were dispersed. As most of the buildings were ephemeral items at best, madefrom local materials by amateur builders suffering from war time restrictions, they weretotally unsuitable for any other defence purpose on this site. The larger buildings, theinternment camp, although impressive externally exhibited amateur construction techniquesinternally and only certain elements would have been recyclable. The fate of the buildingsis not known but the 1942 map of the site indicates that no building or structure was leftstanding and all fences associated with the former Concentration Camp were removed.

The present building refuse site or dump located some 100 metres east of the former stablesite contains a great quantity of sections of slabs of former buildings, small bitumen slabs,bricks and ceramic tile wall sections and floor sections. However almost all of these are toorecent and too substantial to date from the period of the camp. The condition of much ofthe debris and the lack of dense vegetation growing over it indicates a more modern origin.

The plan of No.3 Remount Depot LiverpoOl of 1930 shows the German ConcentrationCamp area clear of most buildings although some of the buildings in the guard area wouldcertainly have been present as they are identified in the later 1942 plans. By 1930 though itis obvious that the site was no longer of great military significance.

By 1942, as evidenced by the drawing named Camp Layout and Existing Buildings, Waterand SUllage, a new suite of barrack buildings, mess huts, canteens, kitchen, latrines andablution blocks were erected to supplement the jail, headquarters building, the recreationhall, sergeants mess, good sheds and the recycled stables building. These last mentionedbuildings date from 1914-1918 but are all outside the Main Compound. In all, some sixbuildings were erected on the east end of the former Main Compound of the GermanConcentration Camp site while a further nine were established south of Artillery Road.

42

GODDENMACKAY

The most prolific building activity though took place about 100 metres due north of thestables. Here some 27 buildings were constructed with their general orientation east-west.There were two kitchens, five mess huts, a sergeants canteen and other ranks canteen, afurther ten sleeping huts and two latrines and two wash houses (Figure 2.15).

Immediately to the east of the stables another three barracks buildings were constructed.No details of any of the construction or purpose of these buildings was located but in theopinion of present army personnel they would almost certainly have been of theweatherboard and galvanised iron type constructed specifically for the duration of the war.

Phase III 1945 to 1960

Spasmodic development continued on the site in the immediate post war years. TheDepartment of Interior Survey Maps produced around the period of the National ServiceTraining Scheme in Australia indicate that some of the buildings which were erected as partof the war effort were then converted for use by National Service personnel or their trainers.

The Department of the Interior Map shows seven sleeping huts on the south-west area of theMain Compound, two ablutions/latrine blocks and a mess hall. A further three buildings ofunknown purpose were constructed about 100 metres south of Artillery Road almost on thecentreline of the Main Compound. A further suite of buildings was also constructed in thenorth-east corner of the former Main Compound. These were two mess halls and associatedkitchen and meet house were probably erected for National Service Training Scheme asthey are not apparent on any of the earlier maps (Figure 2.16).

No information concerning the occupants of the huts nor their activities was obtained by thestudy team. It was known that some of the buildings had been relocated after they were nolonger required on this site. The precise position of these huts is no longer known. Someof the building materials were also recycled within the Holsworthy area and when moneyand labour was available, the site was slowly rehabilitated. Concrete footings wereexcavated and dumped in the area of building refuse, retaining walls were dismantled andareas of cut and fill were flattened. The site remediation which has taken place over anumber of years has been so successful that practically nothing remains of the pre-1950sbuildings north of Artillery Road save for the concrete slabs of three barrac,ks buildings, oneablutions blocks and two kitchens.

Phase IV 1960 to 1995

Around 1970 a total of six concrete pads or hard stands were constructed for the temporaryoutdoor storage of vehicles. This compound was fenced. The lower of these was identifiedas a vehicle wash pad. About 1970 a series of seven steel and timber framed and steel cladhuts were constructed on these hard stands. These buildings are quite sound and secure andhave been erected on their own slabs. They remain as the only buildings on the GermanConcentration Camp number one barracks site. Figure 2.17 illustrates the site as it existedin July 1995.

43

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46

2.36 FURTHER RESEARCH

GODDENMACKAY

Files relating to the German Concentration Camp are held by the various regional offices ofthe Australian Archives. Those not researched include -

E. Samuel's Illustrated Diary of Australian Concentration Camps, held by the MitchellLibrary. [Not available during the research period of this report.]

Surrendered Destitute,Transferred to Liverpool

47

Inspection of Australian Prisoner of WarCamps by Consul General for Sweden. ClosurePrisoners of War Camp at Bourke.

Removal of Stone from Quarries at LiverpoolConcentration Camp.

Complaints by Prisoners of War.

Report by Acting Consul General for Swedenon Australian Concentration Camps forinternees Liverpool and Berrima.

Release of voluntary internees.

Prisoner of war, Heinrich, Friedrich WilhelmBohlen - Surrendered destitute.

Maintenance of discipline among prisoners ofwar.

Standing Orders Liverpool ConcentrationCamp.

Title:Bachman, Emil.9/3/17 Langwarrin.15/5/17.

File 1. Prisoners of war.'File 2. Transfer of prisoners of war toLiverpool.

425/10/187

517/1/285

425/10/299

Y1919/351·

Y1919/73

1917/889

1917/111

1915/3/1422

1915/3/1041

Item:V/31G

MP367/1

MP16/1

MP367/1

MP367/1

MP16/1

MP16/1

MP16/1

MP16/1

MP16/1

VictoriaSeries No:B741/3

Minutes of Evidence of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Administration of the'Military Camp, Liverpool, New South Wales, by Mr. Justice Rich. July/August 1915.[Copies held only at the Australian War Memorial and the National Library.]

:1

IiIIIIIII

II,I

III'IIIII

II

GODDENMACKAY I

I

MP367/1 517/2/66 Bush clearing: Internee Labour. IMP367/1 567/3/2007 Eradication of vermin from Holsworthy Camp. IMP367/1 567/3/2202 GE Hawkes 77th Infantry - Courts of Enquiry -

Torrens Island and Holsworthy Concentration ICamps.

MP367/1 567/3/2:302 Press reports of disturbances at Holsworthy

ICamp.

MP367/1 567/3/3432 Holsworthy Concentration Camps - Unrest

Iamong Internees.

MP367/1 567/3/4067 Conditions of internees at Holsworthy Camp.

MP367/1 567/3/4686 Photographs of German Concentration Camps I[Cinema Film].

MP367/1 567/6/6 Complaints from Prisoners of War Liverpool. IMP367/1 567/7/4467 Liverpool Concentration Camp. Arrangements

Ifor Influenza Outbreak.

MP367/1 567/10/202 Letter to Swiss Consul from Married Prisoner

Iof War.

MP367/1 579/1/166 Alien Rations, Concentration CampHolsworthy. I

MP367/1 579/1/226 Rations - Prisoners of War.

MP472/1 18/15/4944 [Proposals for re-location of internees between ILiverpool NSW and Parden; Rottnest andGarden Islands WA]. I

Western Australia:PP14/1 5/1/215 Internees Re: Liverpool. I

Voluntary Internees.PP14/1 5/1/202

Queensland: IBP4/1 66/4/74 [Alien Instructions 1914, relating to the

treatment of internees.]

148

I-I ~

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GODDENMACKAY

Jaoobsen, H. (Bd) GCCAlbum 1914-1916.

Johnson, C. Looking Back atLiverpool. (Oral History)

Fischer, Gerhard Enemy Aliens. Internment and the Homefront Experience in Australia1914-1920.University of Queensland Press, 1989.

Doak, Frank 'The good life (or 'Concentration Camp Capers')' in AustralianDefence Heritage. The buildings, establishments and sites of ourmilitary history that have become part of the national estate.Illustrations: Jeff Isaacs.The Fairfax Library. 1988.

Liverpool Military Camp - Commission ofInquiry.

Proceedings of ADCM for 3460 Pte FrederickBaker, Concentration Camp Guard,Holsworthy.

Royal Commissions. Royal Commission Release of Internees. (Miscellaneous F. only). .

Royal Commission. Release of Internees (MainFile).

RC22 Item 2 Part 2

6926

RC22Item 1

Soott. Ernest The Official History ofAustralia in the War of1914-1918.Volume XI: Australia During the War.(Series Editor: Robert O'Neill.)University of Queensland Press in association with The AustralianWar Memorial. First published 1936, this edition 1989.

2.37 SOURCES

Printed Text

Australian War Memorial:A5522 M466

A3832

A471

ACT:A3832

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Splivalo, Anthony The Home Fires. Fremantle Arts Centre Press. 1982.

Vondra, Josef German Speaking Settlers in Australia.Cavalier Press Pty. Ltd. 1981.

49

50

Other Sources

2.38 END NOTES

Australian Archives - ACT and New South Wales.


'History of the Prisoners of War Camp in Liverpool' parts I, n, IV, V,VI, translated and reproduced in The Guardian, published by GermanConcentration Camp Holdsworthy. Issues 12th, 19th August, 2nd,

9th, 16th, 1916.

'German Concentration Camp at Liverpool.' The Sydney Mail,February 9,1916.

A 'Temporary and Unappreciated Home'.Sapper, Vol1 No. 4, n.d. probably 1973.

GODDENMACKAY

Research done by the Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.LiverpoOl Library Local Studies Section.

1 An Act to enable the Governor-General to make Regulations and Orders for the safety of the Commonwealthduring the present state of war. No. 10 of 1914.2 See, for example, Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens.3 The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, Volume XI, Ernest Soott, pl05.4 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p77.5 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p77.6 For example: 'German Prisoners of War in Ceylon', Series Al, Item No. 1916/15026, Australian Archives (ACT).

Photographs

'German Concentration Camp (GCC), Holdsworthy NSW.'c.1916, World War 1. Photographer: Corporal Dening.167 glass negatives. ML ON13.Photographic Collection of the Australian War Memorial.

From the holdings listed within Angam H.

WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees. Mitchell Library. (Researchlimited to English language documents).

Primary Sources

No author

Schroeder,L.

No author

Articles:

,

L


GODDENMACKAY

7 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p78.8 Josef Vondra, German Speaking Settlers in Australia, p69.9 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, August 12, 1916, p2.

10 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, August 12, 1916, p2.U L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, August 12, 1916, p2.12 Frank Doak, Australian Defence Heritage, p89.13 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, August 19, 1916, p2.14 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, August 19, 1916, p3.15 Papers of F. Bordeaux, Australian War Memorial 1 DRL 664.16 Papers of F. Bordeaux, Australian War Memorial 1 DRL 664.17 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralianPrisoners ofWar, pp69, 70, ML940.936/A.18 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, inHow the Germans TreatedAustralianPrisoners ofWar, pp69, 70, ML940.936/A.19 Report on Visit to German Concentration Camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917,'Prisoners of War Camp - Liverpool NSW", Series CP78/24, Item No. 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACI).20 The Sydney Mail, 9th February 1916, War Issue No. LXXX, p7.21 (1) The Commandant of the German Concentration Camp, New South Wales, to the Assistant Adjutant-General2nd Military District, 4th September 1915.(2) Letter, the Camp Committee to Major R. S. Sands, Commandant, German Concentration Camp, Liverpool, 3rdSeptember 1915, 'Enemy Subjects - Treatment of Prisoners of War, Liverpool Concentration Camp', Series A2, Item1917/3501/372, Australian Archives (ACT).22 Report of American Consul-General, Joseph Brittain, on a visit to the German Concentration Camp, Liverpool,1st May 1915, 'Enemy Subjects - Treatment of Prisoners of Vlar, Liverpool Concentration Camp', Series A2, Item1917/3501/372, Australian Archives (ACT).23 The Sydney Mail, 9th February 1916, War Issue No. LXXX, p7.24 Letter from Camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees, ML MSS 261/7, Item 63.25 Letter, Imperial German Vice-Consulate, 30 January 1917, 'Prisoners of War Camp - Liverpool NSW, SeriesCP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACI).26 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralian Prisoners ofWar, p67, ML 940.936/A.27 Statutory Declaration No. 58, Extracts from Statutory Declarations, WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War andCivilian Internees, ML MSS 261/7 Item 63.28 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p201.29 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p90.30 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p90.31 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p201.32 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p91.33 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p90.34 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p128.35 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p201.36 Letter from Camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees, ML MSS 261/7, Item 63.

51

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GODDENMACKAY

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37 Letter from Camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees, ML MSS 261(7 Item 63.38 Letter from Camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees, M1 MSS 261(7 Item 63.39 Report on Visit to German Concentration Camp by American Consul-General, Joseph Brittain, 20t.h May 1916,'Prisoners of War, Treatment in Australia', Series A2, Item 1918/271/53, Australian Archives (ACT).40 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p92.41 Report on Visit to German Concentration Camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917,'Prisoners of War Camp - Liverpool NSW', Series CP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACT).42 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (Iri Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralianPrisoners ofWar, p67, ML 940.936/A.43 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p203.44 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Front, p192.45 Extracts from Statutory Declarations, Declaration No. 58, 'WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and CivilianInternees', MLMSS 261/7, Item 63, p347.46 Letter, Australian born British Subjects interned, 'WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees',ML MSS 261(7, Item 63, p253.47 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p201.48 Report on Visit to German Concentration Camp by American Consul-General, Joseph Brittain, 20th May 1916, I'Prisoners of War, Treatment in Australia, Series A2, Item 1918/271/53, Australian Archives (ACT).49 Extracts from Statutory Declarations, Declaration No. 58, 'WWI Papers, Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees',ML MSS 261/7 Item 63, p348.50 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralian Prisoners ofWar, p70, ML 940.936/A.51 Letter, Imperial German Vice-Consulate, 30 January 1917, 'Prisoners of War Camps in Australia - Reports on',Series CP78/24, Item 1918/89/443, Australian Archives (ACT).52 Report on Visit to German Concentration Camp by American Consul-General, Joseph Brittain, 20th May 1916,Prisoners of War, Treatment in Australia', Series A2, Item 1918/271/53, Australian Archives (ACT).53 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p202.54 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p94.55 Report on Visit to German Concentration Camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917,'Prisoners of War Camp - Liverpool NSW', Series CP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACT).Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, inHow the Germans TreatedAustralian Prisoners ofWar, p70, ML 940.936/A.56 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p202.57 Extracts from Statutory Declarations, Declaration No. 58, 'WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and CivilianInternees', ML MSS 261(7, Item 63, p348.58 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p203.59 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p166.60 Papers of F. Bordeaux, Australian War Memorial 1 DRL 664.61 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, pp94-95.62 Report of Joseph Brittain, American Consul-General on a visit to the German Concentration Camp, Liverpool,20th May 1916, 'Prisoners of War, Treatment in"Australia', Series A2, Item 1918/271/53, Australian Archives(ACT).63 Letter from Camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, 'WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees, ML MSS 261(7 Item 63.

52 II


GODDENMACKAY

64 Report on Visit to German Concentration camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917,'Prisoners of War camp - Liverpool NSW', Series CP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACT).65 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, pp202-203.66 Letter from camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, 'WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees', ML MSS 261/7 Item 63.67 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p94.68 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p95.69 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, pp95-96.70 Report of American Consul-General, Joseph Brittain, on a visit to the German Concentration camp, Liverpool,1st May 1915, 'Enemy Subjects - Treatment of Prisoners of War, LiverpOOl Concentration camp', Series A2, Item1917/3501/372, Australian Archives (ACT).71 The Sydney Mai~ 9th February 1916, War Issue No. LXXX, p12.72 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralian Prisoners o/War, p68, ML 940.936/A.73 Report re Fire Protection of the German Concentration camp, Holdsworthy, 6th September 1918, Board of FireCommissioners document 18/3311. Copy held by Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.74 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p99.75 Report of Joseph Brittain, American Consul-General on a visit to the German Concentration camp, Liverpool,20th May 1916, 'Prisoners of War, Treatment in Australia', Series A2, Item 1918/271/53, Australian Archives(ACT).76 Letter, Imperial German Vice-Consulate, 30 January 1917, 'Prisoners of War Camps in Australia - Reports on',Series CP78/24, Item 1918/89/443, Australian Archives (ACT).77 Report on Visit to German Concentration camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917,'Prisoners of War camp - Liverpool NSW, Series CP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACT).78 Extracts from Statutory Declarations, Document No. 58, 'WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and CivilianInternees', ML MSS 261/7, Item 63, p348. '79 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralian Prisoners o/War, Enclosure 2, 4thNovember 1918, p73, ML 940.936/A.80 The Sydney Mai~ 9th February 1916, War Issue No. LXXX, p3.81 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p201.82 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, pp201-202.83 Report of American Consul-General, Joseph Brittain, on a visit to the German Concentration camp, 6th May1915, 'Enemy Subjects - Treatment of Prisoners of War, Liverpool Concentration camp', Series A2, Item1917/3501/372, Australian Archives (ACT).84 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 9,1916, p3.85 Letter from camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, 'WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees', ML MSS 261/7 Item 63.86 Report of Joseph Brittain, American Consul-General on a visit to the German Concentration camp, Liverpool,20th May 1916, 'Prisoners of War, Treatment in Australia', Series A2, Item 1918/271/53, Australian Archives(ACT).87 Report on Visit to German Concentration camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917,'Prisoners of War camp - Liverpool NSW, Series CP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACT).88 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralianPrisoners o/War, p71, ML 940.936/A.89 Exhibition Notes, Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.90 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p203.

53

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GODDENMACKAY I

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91 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralianPrisoners o/War, p71, ML 940.936/A. I9Z Letter, A. Kersten to Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, 'WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and QvilianInternees', ML MSS 261/7 Item 63.93 Letter, President and Secretary, A.N.B.S., 4th January 1918, 'WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and Civilian IInternees', ML MSS 261/7 item 63.94 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p102.95Report of American Consul-General, Joseph Brittain, on a visit to the German Concentration camp, Liverpool, 1stMay 1915, 'Enemy Subjects - Treatment of Prisoners of War, Liverpool Concentration camp', Series A2, Item I1917/3501/372, Australian Archives (ACT).q96 Exhibition Notes, Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.97 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p136.98 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 2, 1916, p3. I99 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p138.100 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 9, 1916, p3.101 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 9, 1916, p3. I10Z Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p139.103 Letter from camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, 'WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees', ML MSS 261/7 Item 63. . I104 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p144.105 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p145.106 Letter from camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, 'WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees', ML MSS 261/7 Item 63. I107 Letter, Imperial German Vice-Consulate, 30 January 1917, 'Prisoners of War Camps in Australia - Reports on',Series CP78/24, Item 1918/89/443, Australian Archives (ACT).108 Report on Visit to German Concentration camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917, I'Prisoners of War camp - Liverpool NSW', Series CP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACT).109 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralian Prisoners o/War, p71, ML 940.936/A. I110 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p145.111 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p149.m Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p153.113 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps in IAustralia, 26th September 1918, inHow the Germans TreatedAustralian Prisoners o/War, p71, ML 940.936/A.114 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, 166.115 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p168. I116 Reports of Acting Consul for Switzerland (In Charge of German Interests) on German Concentration Camps inAustralia, 26th September 1918, in How the Germans TreatedAustralianPrisoners o/War, p68, ML 940.936/A.117 Officer in Charge Fire Appliances, Public Buildings to The Staff Officer for Works, Victoria Barracks, Board ofFire Commissioners document 18/1/1 [?]. Copy held by Liverpool Bicentennial Museum. I118 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 9, 1916, p3.119 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 9, 1916, p3.no L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 16, 1916, p3. Im Exhibition Notes, Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.m Report of Joseph Brittain, American Consul-General on a visit to the German Concentration camp, Liverpool,20th May 1916, 'Prisoners of War, Treatment in Australia', Series A2, Item 1918/271/53, Australian Archives I(ACT).

54 II


GODDENMACKAY

123 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, pp99-100.124 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p100.125 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p96.126 The Sydney Mai~ 9th February 1916, War Issue No. LXXX, p7.127 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, pp96-97, 100.128 Anthony Splivalo, TheHomeFires, pl26.129 Letter from Camp President and Secretary to the Minister for Defence, 20th July 1916, 'WWI Papers, EnemyPrisoners of War and Civilian Internees', ML MSS 261/7 Item 63.The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, Volume XI, Ernest Scott, p117.130 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p123.131 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, pp223-224.132 Report on Visit to German Concentration Camp ... by Marc Rutty, Consul for Switzerland, May 31st 1917,'Prisoners of War Camp - Liverpool NSW, Series CP78/24, Item 1917/89/311, Australian Archives (ACI).133 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p162.134 Extracts from Statutory Declarations, Declaration No. 58, 'WWI Papers, Enemy Prisoners of War and CivilianInternees', ML MSS 261/7 Item 63, p348.135 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p224.136 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p224.137 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p268.138 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, pp269-273.139 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, ppl72-173.140 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p173.,141 Commandant of Concentration Camp to Head Quarters, 11 October 1916, Australian War Memorial, AWM 34,105/1/103.142 Exhibition Notes, Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.143 Exhibition Notes, Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.144 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p120.145 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p120.146 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p121.147Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, pp121-122.148 L. Schroeder, 'Kamp Spiegel' translated and reproduced in The Guardian, September 9, 1916, p3.149 Report re Fire Service at the German Concentration Camp, Liverpool, 23rd April 1917, Board of FireCommissioners document 17/1409. Copy held by Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.150 Report re Fire Protection of the German Concentration Camp, Holdsworthy, 6th September 1918, Board of FireCommissioners document 18/3311. Copy held by Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.151 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p98.152 Anthony Splivalo, The Home Fires, p99.153 Report to Assistant Minister in Charge of Recruiting, 19th September 1918, Australian War Memorial,AWM34, 105/1/103.154 Report, R. Holman, Commandant Concentration Camps, 3 March 1917, Australian War Memorial AWM34,105/1/103.155 Report, R. Holman, Commandant concentration Camps, 6 February 1918, Australian War Memorial, AWM34,105/1/103.156 Exhibition Notes, Liverpool Bicentennial Museum.157 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens, p228.

55

IIIII 3.0

GODDENMACKAY

SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

The primary significance of the former Holsworthy internment camp is that by its presenceit was an indicator of the prevailing Australian state of mind during World War I, in termsof racial prejudice and xenophobia. While operating the camp was the largest of its type inAustralia. It is also unusual for the reliance on ephemeral building materials and recycledreadily available products.

56


GODDENMACKAY

4.0 PHOTOGRAPIDC RECORD

4.1 METHODOLOGY

The black and white record was compiled in 35mm and 120mm film. The 35mmphotography was taken using a Nikon F3 camera with a 28-85mm zoom lens. The mediumformat 120mm photographs were taken using a Hasselblad 500C/M camera with a fixedfocal length 80mm lens.

Film used was Ilford FP4 125 ISO which was developed in fine grained microdot developerfollowed by two separate fixings. Contact prints were made on Ilford multigrade paper.Catalogue sheets have been prepared for each roll of film exposed.

4.2 LAYOUT OF THE REPORT

The original or master copy of this report contains negatives and contact sheets and colourslides. For each roll of black and white film the record contains a catalogue sheet, contactsheet and negative file. Copies of the report contain photocopies of the contact sheets, nonegatives and no slides.

57


PHOTOGRAPHIC CATALOGUE

Site name: Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera Nikon Lens: 28mm 1:2.8 Job No: 95-107Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/35mm Processing: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: B.1 Page 1 of 4Frame No: Looking Description:

towards:1 South Entrance to camp with anchor chain (field no.1)2 South Left hand support and chain3 South Chain with gate to compound4 South Right support with chain5 East Road with line of pines and sub-station (field no.34)6 West Road to west with right hand post7 South Huts with chain on right8 South Further back - line of pine trees and entrance with chain9 East Detail of chain

10 South Entrance to compound11 South-east Huts - OH14 in foreground12 South-east HutOH1413 North-east Hut OH1414 North-west Hut OH1415 South-west HutOH1416 South-east Hut OH1517 North-east HutOH1518 North-west Hut OH1519 South-west HutOH15 '20 South-east HutOH1621 North-east HutOH1622 North-west HutOH1623 South-west HutOH1624 South-east HutOH17

Godden Mackay Pty Ltd 78 George Street Redfern NSW 2016


PHOTOGRAPHIC PLAN SHEET

Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhoto2l1lpher: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera Nikon F301 Lens: 28mm Job No: 95-107Film Number/Reference: B.1 Pa2e 2 of 4

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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military Camp

Photographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995

Camera: Nikon F301 Lens: 28mm 1:2.8 Job No: 95-107

Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/35mm Processing: Archival

Fibn Number/Reference: B.2 Page 1 of 4

Frame No: Looking Description:towards:

1 North-east HutOH17

2 North-west HutOH17

3 South-west Hut OH17

4 South-east HutOH19

5 North-east HutOH19

6 North-west HutOH19

7 South-west HutOH19

8 South-east HutOH20

9 North-east Hut OH20

10 North-west Hut OH20

11 South-west HutOH20

12 South Hut oH20

13 South Hut OH20

14 North Looking towards gate with huts

15 North Looking towards gate OH20 in foreground

16 North-west Looking across compound - OH20 on left

17 North Looking across compound - OH20 on left

18 South-west Looking across compound - OH20

19 West Looking across compound - OH20 - concrete road in

foreground

20 East Pine trees to east of OH19

21 South-west looking across compound to OH20

22 -23 -24 -



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Site name: Old Rolsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera: Nikon F301 Lens: 28mm 1:2.8 Job No: 95-107Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/35mm Processin2: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: B.3 Page 1 of 4Frame No: Looking Description:

towards:1 North-west Interior of OR152 South-east Interior of OR153 North Interior of OR154 South Interior of OR155 South-east Interior of OR196 North-west Interior of OR197 North Interior of OR198 South Interior of OR199 East Interior of OR20

10 West Interior of OR2011 South-east Interior of OR2012 South Interior of OH2013 North Interior of OR2014 South-west Interior of OR2015 South-east Interior of OR2016 South-west Interior of OH2017 North Interior of OR2018 North-east Chain and entrance road19 North-west Semi ctrcle of sandstone (field no. 15)20 South-east Kerb stones (field no.33)21 South-east Electricity sub-station - ORB - (field no. 34)22 South-west Electricity sub-station - ORB - (field no. 34)23 West Electricity sub-station - ORB - (field no. 34) - interior24 South Base of pine tree with debris west of ORB


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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera: Nikon F301 Lens: 28mm 1:2.8 Job No: 95-107Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/35mm Processing: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: BA Page 1 of 4Frame No: Looking Description:

towards:1 East Field number 3 - slab - hut OH19 in background2 West Field number 3 - slab - hut OH14 in background3 South-west Field number 4 - huts OH15 and OH14 on slab4 South-west Field number 5 - huts OH16 and OH17 on slab5 East Field number 6 - concrete slab - OH19 in far background6 West Field number 6 - concrete slab - OH17 on right7 West Field number 7 - concrete slab - 0H20 on left8 West Field number 8 - concrete slab - OH20

9 East Field number 7 - concrete slab - OH19 on left10 East Field number 8 - concrete slab - OH20 on right

11 East Field number 10 - concrete slab - ablution block

12 Vlest Field number 10 - concrete slab - ablution block

13 South-east Field number 11 - concrete slab

14 East Field number 11 - concrete slab15 West Field number 12 - concrete pad16 East Field number 13 - concrete slab and OH1917 South-west Field number 13 - concrete slab and OH1918 West Field number 14 - concrete slab19 East Field number 14 - concrete slab20 North-west Field number 27 - concrete lined drain

21 North-east Field number 28 - sandstone stones in situ

22 South-east Field number 29 - typical bush with tank tracks

23 West Field number 29

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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera: Nikon F30l Lens: 28mm 1:2.8 Job No: 95-107Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/35mm Processing: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: B.5 Page 1 of 6Frame No: Looking Description:

towards:1 West Field number 16 - concrete slab2 East Field number 17 - concrete slab3 West Field number 17 - concrete slab4 East Field number 18 - concrete slab5 West Field number 18 - concrete slab6 West Field number 20 - concrete slab7 East Field number 20 - concrete slab8 West Field number 19 - concrete slab9 East Field number 19 - concrete slab

10 West Field number 26 - concrete slab11 East Field number 26 - concrete slab1'"' East Stones in path in line to west of entrance.u:..

13 East Field number 22 - area of sandstone rubble14 North Field number 23 - drain with concrete cap next to road15 East Field number 24 - line of bricks - 18 in a row16 East Field number 25 - top of concrete wall17 East Field number 22 - area of rubble with jail and chain background

18 East Parallel sandstone edges in ground to west of entrance19 South Detail - OR14 - sign20 East Detail - bell - north of ORIS21 East Detail - bell - north of ORIS22 North Detail - two sirens south side of ORIS23 South Field number 31- parade ground to east of compound24 North Field number 31- parade ground to east of compound


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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhoto2rnpher: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera Nikon F301 Lens: 28mm Job No: 95-107Film Number/Reference: B.5 Pa2e 3 of 6

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towards:1 North Field number 31- parade ground2 South-east Field number 30 - barbed wire on east side of compound3 East Field number 48 - footing4 South-west Field number 48 - footing5 East Concrete drain to north west of field number 486 East Field number 49 - single coarse of sandstock bricks - 2m long7 South Field number 32 - concrete pad at south end of parade ground

with barbed wire behind8 East Field number 30 - southern side of parade ground - barbed wire9 South-east Field number 30 - south east corner of parade ground - barbed

wire10 North Field number 30 - looking along east side barbed wire of parade

ground11 North Field number 31 - Parade ground12 East Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped13 South Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped

14 South-east Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped15 West Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped - detail of

blocks16 North Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped17 North-west Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped18 North-east Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped - detail of

blocks19 East Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped -looking

across to camphor laurel tree20 North-east Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped -looking

towards field number 4721 North Field number 46 - Concrete platform - 'T' shaped - steps on east

side22 South Field number 46 - Concrete platform - stem of the 'T'

23 North-west Field number 47 - platform with steps24 South-east Field number 47 - platform with steps - 46 in background


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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military Camp

Photographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995

Camera: Nikon F301 Lens: 28mm 1:2.8 Job No: 95-107

Film Type: llford FP4/125/35mm Processing: Archival

Film Number/Reference: B.7 Page 1 of 3

Frame No: Looking Description:

towards:

1 West Field number 34 - sub-station - south side

2 North Field number 40 - sandstone rubble to east of sub station

3 South Hydrant to north of field number 35

4 South Field number 35 - sandstone rubble next to trees

5 South-west Field number 35 - sandstone rubble next to trees

6 East Field number 35 - sandstone rubble - north east corner

7 North Field number 36 - inspection pit

8 North-west Field number 36 - inspection pit

9 South Field number 36 - inspection pit

10 North Field number 39 - inspection pit - three pieces with rings

11 West Field number 37 - stormwater drain with ring and grill

12 West Field number 37 - stormwater drain with ring and grill - detail

13 South-east Field number 38 - stormwater drain inspection pi~

14 North-west Field number 41 - stormwater drain inspection pit

15 West Field number 42 - sandstone kerbing - 6 metres long

16 West Field number 42 - sandstone kerbing - 6 metres long

17 North-east Field number 43 - irregular sandstone feature with piece of

wood embedded

18 North Field number 43 - irregular sandstone feature with piece of

wood embedded

19 South-west Field number 44 - semicircular concrete blocks - garden bed

20 South-west Field number 44 - semicircular concrete blocks - garden bed

21 North-east Field number 45 - straight course of sandstone blocks

22 North-east Field number 44 - straight course of sandstone blocks

23 South-west Field number 50 - kerbing in front of sub-station

24 West Field number 34 - electricity sub-station - chain in background

25 West Line of pine trees with chain in background




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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera: Hasselblad 500 CIM Lens: 80mm Job No: 95-107Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/120 Processing: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: M.l. Page 1 of 3Frame Neg. Looking Description: Old Holsworthy CampNo: No: towards:

1 3 South Pair of parallel anchor chains leading to entrance of camp2 4 South Left side pillar with anchor chain3 6 South Right side pillar with anchor chain4 8 South Entrance to compound5 9 South-east Huts OH14 and OH156 11 South-east Hut OH20 and slab7 12 East Hut OH19 and slab8 14 North-east Huts OH16 and OH17 and slab9 15 North Hut OH16 and road to entrance

10 17 North Concrete slab and huts11 19 North-west Hut OH20 and OH16 and slab12 -


Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera Nikon mOl Lens: 28mm Job No: 95-107Film Number/Reference: M.1 Pa~e 2 of 3

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PHOTOGRAPHIC CATALOGUE.

Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: Julv 1995Camera: Hasselblad 500 CIM Lens: 80mm Job No: 95-107Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/120 Processing: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: M.2. Page 1 of 3

Frame Neg. Looking Description:No: No: towards:

1 1 South-east Hut OH19 and slab2 3 South-west Huts OH17 and OH20 with slab3 4 South-west Huts OH17 and OH16 with slab4 6 South-west Hut OH15 with slab and bell on telegraph pole5 7 South-west Hut OH20 with slab6 9 North-west Central slab with huts in background7 10 North-west Central slab with huts in background8 12 North-west Hut OH20 with Oh16 in background9 13 South-west Concrete pad with camphor laurel (field no. 11)

10 15 North-east Huts OH16 and OH17 and slab11 17 South-east Hut OH20 and slab12 18 East Huts OH16, OH17, and OH19


Site name: Old Holsworthv Military CampPhoto2l"3pher: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera Nikon B01 Lens: 28mm Job No: 95-107Film Number/Reference: M.2 Pa~e 2 of 3

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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhoto~rapher: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera: Hasselblad 500 CIM Lens: 80mm Job No: 95-107Fibn Type: Ilford FP4/125/120 Processing: ArchivalFibn Number/Reference: M.3. Page 1 of 3Frame Neg. Looking Description:No: No: towards:

1 1 West .Exotic plants. (Field no. 29)2 3 East Concrete slab to south of OH20 (field no. 14)3 4 West Concrete slab to south of OH20 (field no. 20)4 6 North Concrete slabs (field nos. 19 and 14) looking north to OH195 7 North Concrete slabs (field nos. 19 and 14) looking north to huts OH20

and OH196 9 North Parade ground (field no. 31)7 10 South Barbed wire on eastern boundary (foreground focus)8 12 South Barbed wire on eastern boundary9 13 South Parade ground (field no.31)

10 15 South-east Parade ground (field no.31)11 16 North-east Looking across field no. 46 to sub station (field no. 34)12 18 West Looking across front of compound to chain fence and jail


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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera: Hasselblad 500 CIM Lens: 80mm Job No: 95-107Film Type: Ilford FP4/125/120 Processing: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: MA. Page 1 of 4Frame Neg. Looking Description:No: No: towards:

1 1 East Sandstone rubble (field no. 22) with chain fence and jail inbackground

2 3 East Line of bricks (field no. 24) with chain fence and jail in background3 4 South-east Huts in background - foreground overgrown4 6 East Footing (field no. 48)5 7 South-west Sub-station - line of pine trees - huts behind trees6 9 South Footing (field no. 46) .7 10 South-east Footing (field no. 46) with camphor laurel8 12 South-west Huts OH19 and OH209 13 West Sub-station with chain fence in background

10 15 South-west Entrance and garden (field nos. 43,44,45)11 16 South-west Entrance and garden (field nos. 43,44,45)12 18 West Kerbing (field no. 42)


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Site name: Old Holsworthy Military CampPhotographer: Patrick Grant Date: July 1995Camera: Pentax Sp Lens: 28mm Job No: 95-107Film Type: Kodachrome 64/ 35mm Processing: ArchivalFilm Number/Reference: C.1 Page 1 of 2Frame No: Looking Description:

towards:1 -2 South Road into compound with anchor chain (Field No. 1 )3 South Road into compound with anchor chain (Field No. 1 )4 South Road into compound with anchor chain (Field No. 1 )5 South Road into compound with anchor chain (Field No. 1 )6 East Looking to line of pine trees - left hand chain post7 West Looking to west - right hand chain post8 West Line of pine trees and entrance to compound9 South Tree and entrance to compound

10 South Anchor chain and entrance to compound11 South Huts (OH14 closest) and compound12 South-east Huts (OH14 closest) and compound13 South-east Hut OH14 (field no. 4)14 South-east Huts OH15 and OH1715 South-east Huts OH16 and OH2016 East Huts OH17 and OH1917 North-east Huts (OH16 closest)18 South-east HutOH2019 North-east Hut OH20 and OH16 in background20 North-west Hut OH20 and compound21 North-west Hut OH20 and compound with huts22 West Hut OH20 with compound23 South-west Hut OH19 with compound24 South Hut OH20 in background, Hut OH19 on left25 South-east Hut OH19 on left26 South Looking through huts to OH2027 South-east Huts with OH14 in foreground28 East Huts with OH16 on right29 South Huts with OH20 in background30 East Field number 3 - concrete slab31 West Field number 3 - concrete slab32 South-west Field number 5 - huts OH15 and OH15 on slab33 East Field number 6 - concrete slab34 West Field number 7 - concrete slab with OH20 on left

35 West Field number 8 - concrete slab with OH2036 East Field number 8 - concrete slab and OH20 on right37 East Field number 11 - concrete slab


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towards:1 South Huts - OH20 in background2 East Field number 13 - concrete pad and OH193 South-east Typical bush with tank tracks4 -5 West Field number 29 - exotic foliage6 East Field number 17 - concrete slab7 East Field number 18 - concrete slab8 West Field number 20 - concrete slab9 West Field number 26 - concrete slab

10 South-east Huts and compound11 South-east Field number 31 - parade ground12 North-east Field number 31 - parade ground13 North-west Field number 31 - parade ground14 South Field number 30 - barbed wire in east side fence15 East Field number 24 - line of 18 bricks in row16 East Field number 25 - concrete wall top about 4 metres long17 East Field number 22 - area of rubble - jail and chain in background

18 East Field number 48 - footing19 South-east Field number 46 - concrete platform - 'T' shaped20 South Field number 46 - looking to 48 and parade ground21 South-west Looking across to huts from field number 4722 North-west Field number 47 - platform with steps23 -24 South-east Field number 47 with field no. 46 in background25 South Field number 46 - detail of foundations26 West Field number 34 - sub-station - south side27 South-west Field number 35 - rubble with trees28 North-west Field number 36 - inspection pit - capped with 3 blocks29 West Field number 42 - sandstone kerbing30 North Field number 43 - irregular sandstone feature - piece of timber31 South-west Field number 44- ornamental garden bed - semicircular32 South-west Field number 44 - ornamental garden bed and line of sandstone33 North-east Field number 45 - straight line of sandstone and ornamental bed34 North-east Field number 45 - straight line of sandstone and ornamental bed

35 South-west Field number 50 - kerbing to north of sub-station36 South-west Field number 50 - kerbing to north of sub-station

37 West Line of pines west of sub-station with chain in backgroundGodden Mackay Pty Ltd 78 George Street Redfern NSW 2016

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GODDENMACKAY

5.0 INVENTORY OF HISTORIC SITES AND RELICS

58

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD 1I0SPI1'AL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 3194811

No.:

Low

o0:o

LocalLowDetracllng Element

B.I.2

Phase/Date: 1950s/l960s NatIOnal ServIce TraInIng :-'Cllen·Ieperiod

Lo{~ation: North central preelllCl

Name: Iron Chain Link Fence

Photogra hs: Field B & W:

Associated Items: Access track to central enclosed compound (No.

Description :

White painted iron maritime anchor chaIrl running parallel with the western boundary of this precInct It consisL'> oftwo parallel lines of hung chain which border the access track leading from the central enclosed compound andArtillery Road.

Significance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0

The two lines of anchor chain arc approxIrnately 36m long and arc supported alternately by iron star pIcket,> andcylindrical metal pipes. Each of these arc cAOcm high and arc spaced 2.5m 3.0m apart Each indIvIduallll1k of theanchor chain is oval in shape, cross lInked, and c.20cm long.

Recorded by: Dominic Steek and lluw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Jul ,1995

The northern stauntions of the two lInes of chain arc composed of concrelc blocks (80cm x 70cm x 40cm) whichsupport rectangular blocks (35cm x 40cm x 70cm) placed on cnd and to which the two ends of the parallel chain lInesarc fastened.



No.: 2

Location: North - central precinct

Name: Access Track

PhaselDate: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod

Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0State 0 Low 0Regional 0 Detracting Element 0

Photo ra hs: Field B & W: 1.2

Recorded by: Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date of Surve : 19th Jul , 1995

Associated Items: Iron chain link fence bordering track and portion of track within central enclosed compound.

Description:Access track leading from Artillery Road tothe central enclosed compound. It is c.48mlong and 7.1m wide. It'> two sides arebordered by the iron chain link lines ofInventory No. 1

The surface of the access track is composedof deeply scoured bitumen and clinkerwhich has been graded. This road surfaceoverlies an eroded and impoverished B unittopography (ironstone, shale and claymatrix). No intervening roadbase isapparent. Where deep erosion scouringoccurs along the centre of the track, thedepressions have been filled and compactedwith sandstone rubble and concrete whichhas sandstone and gravel aggregatesmeasuring up to IOcm in maximumdimension.

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

_ __._-_.._------

II HOl$WORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995

III

Name: Concrcte Slab

L()(~ation: Central enclosed compound

I)hase/Date: 1950s/l960s National Service Training Scllenleperiod

Associated Items: Iron star picket,> and galvanised wire

Field B & W: 134.1

I nliprnn>'i1,t> Potential. Low

No.: 3

The north, west and eastern sides of the slab arc butted by 50cm tall star pickets spaced 3.0m apart along their fulllengths. The west and cast corners arc associated with up to 4 iron star picket guys some 20-30cm distant from theedge of the slab. These guys display traces of galvanised iron wire twisted around and fastened to the tops of thepickets. Securing some form of insubstantial semi-permanent structure to the slabs surface IS implied. The distancebetween this slab and the adjacent one (Item 4) is 7.001.

Description:Flat horizontal concrete slab. Rectangular in plan, it measures 24.6rn long by 6.301 in width. T'he slab IS composedof concrete with coarse blue metal and gravel aggregates which arc up to 3cm in maximum dimension. These oecurin relatively low density. The slab is approximately lOcm thick and is !lat sided. Weathering and breakage has,however, made the edges irregular in form. [t is composed of 3.5m 4m wide sections which closely abut cach otherindicating the slabs were poured separately. No modification of the slabs surface is evident.

IIIIIIIIIIIII

Signilkance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0

[.A)cal[.A)W

Detracting E1ernent

ooo

I Recorded by: Dominic Steele and Huw 13arton Date of Survey: 19th Jul. 1995


II

IHOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSI)ITAL SITE - ARCHIVAl, RECORDING PROJECT 1995 I

Name: Concrete Slab and Store Huts (OH 14/0HI5)

Location: Central enclosed

No,: 4

IPhase/Date: 1950s/196()s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod

Assodated Items: Two separate upper concrete slabs and 2 pre-fabricated pressed and I1veted metal huts and Items3-14.

Description:Concrete lower slab or hardstand measures 24.5m x 6.3m with blue metal and gravel aggregate. Il<; sides arc verticaland it is composed of Individual sections ranging in size from 2.0m wide to 3.5m.

A further two separate concrete slabs have been laid upon the lower and earlier slab, at both IL<; western and easterncnd. These upper slabs are 7Am long and 5.8m wide and are composed of a single section liner grade concrete witha blue metal inclusion. The slabs arc 8em thick and possess finely finished flat (trowelled) sides.

II

IIII

-~'-"--------------1

ooo

LocalLowDetracting Element

B112Photographs: Field n & W:Significance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0

ISteel and timber framed, gable ended, metal clad have been erected on the slabs. These arc marked 01114 (west) and01-115 (cast). The sheds have four windows measuring 95cm x 14cm, three along the northern long side and onc onthe southern. Their short sides possess either a single door access or a double swing door The roof is on a lowpitch, and overhangs the cast and west walls of the hut by 30cm. The walls are 2.9m high and the apex of the roof is3.(>m from the surface of the upper slabs. 'rhe construction date of the huts and the slabs IS c 1970. I1------------------1

IIIIIII

Recorded by: Dominic Steek and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Julv, 1995 IGODDEN MACKAY IYfY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

IL I

1995

No.: 5

ooo


Recorded by: Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th Jul ,1995

Description:Concrete lower slab formerly a hardstand measures 24.5m x 6.3m with blue metal and grovel aggregate. It iscomposed of 8 separate sections, ranging in size from 2.0m to 3.5m wide. It is vertical sided and c.14cm thick. Nomodification of its surface is apparent. Two separate concrete slabs have been laid upon the lower and earlier slab, atboth its eastern and western ends. These later slabs measure 7.4m x 5.8m and are a single section of finer gradeconcrete with a highly crushed blue metal inclusion matrix. These slabs are Bern thick and flat sided. Constructed onthese upper slabs are two pressed and riveted pre-fabricated metal huts. These are marked OH16 (west) and OH 17(east) and are of identical form and dimensions to OH14 and OH 15 (Item No. 4). Note that hut OH 17 is set backfrom the eastern end of the lower slab by 60cm and OH 16 is in the same relative position as OH 14. The distancebetween Item No. 4 and Item No. 5 is 8.0m.

Photo ra hs: Field n & W: 1.5

PhaselDate: 1950s/1960s National Service Tr:lining Scllerrleperiod



Location: Central enclosed compound

Associated Items: Two separate upper concrete slabs and 2 pre-fabricated pressed and riveted metal huts - InventoryNos. 3-14.

Name: Concrete slab and Store Hut'; (OHI6/0H17)

II HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE . ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


Name: Concrete slab No.: 6

B.4.7

Associated Items: Inventory Nos. 3-14


Phase/Date: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod

------------------------------,-------------:-----1Recorded by: Dominic Steelc and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Jul , 1995

I-------1�

I>hoto ra hs: Field B & W:.-_---.S;L.-.L.- -I

Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0 IState 0 Low 0Regional 0 Detracting Element 0

~--------------IIDescription:Long Hat horizontal concrete slab composed of 17 separate sections which vary in width between 1.70m and 3.2m.The slab is 54m long and 6.2m wide and is Hat sided. No modification of its surface is apparent. Two types of Iconcrete are evident in the construction of the various slab sections. The first is a 'coarse' type, similar to the lowerslabs of Inventory Nos 3, 4 and 5, with its 3.5cm blue metal aggregates. The second type of concrete, which isrepresented by 2 separate sections and may constitute repair to the original concrete fabric, consiSl<; of a 'finer' matrix Iof crushed blue metal and river gravel. The distance between Inventory Nos. 5 and 6 is ROm.

I.-------------___11

IIIIIIIIII

Recorded by: Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Oate of Survey: 19th Jul , 1995


Description:Long Oat horizontal concrete slab composed of 23 separate sections which vary in width betwccn 1.70m and 3.3m.The slab is 70.7m long and 6.2m wide. Its eastern end continues beyond the alignment of the parallel slabs (Items 4,5 and 6) and leads to a gate situated in the eastern side of the cyclone wire fence enclosure which defines theboundary of the central enclosed compound. The distance between Inventory Nos. 6 and 7 is 7.6m.

1995

No.: 7

Interpretive IJotential: Low

ooo



l.lhaselDate: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Schemeperiod




Name: Concrete slab

II HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

No.: 8Name: Concrctc slab

I1995 I

1-------------'----11Location: Central enclosed compound

PhaselDate: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Low Iperiod

Associated Items: Inventory Nos. 3-14.....-------------11I)hoto ra hs: Field B & W: 1.8

Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0 IState 0 Low 0Rcgional 0 Detracting Element 0

Thc distance between Items 6 and 7 is 8.0m.

Description:Long flat horizontal concrete slab composed of 17 sections which vary in width between 2.3m and 3.5m wide. Theslab is 54m long, 6.2m wide and has irregular flat sides. No modification of the surface of the slab is apparent.

IIII

I----------------------tl

IIIIIII

L...:-R:,..e_c(_)r_(_le_d_b...:Y:,..:_D_o_m_i_nJ_"c_S_t_cc_l_c_a_n_d_H_u_w--:.;B...;.a.;,.rt...;.o.:.;n ......1_I_>a_t_e_o_f_S_'IJ_rv_e~y_: _1_9_1h_Ju_loIi..:..'_19_9_5_--, IGODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

II

No.: 9

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th Jul ,1995

The slab and the open-sided shed (which opens to the north) appear to have functioned as vehicular parking andmaintenance areas.

A large open sided metal clad shed is located on the slabs western end. It is 7.7m wide and 22.0m long (0H20). Itsform is similar to Inventory Nos. 4 and 5 and is likely to be contemporary.

Description:Concrete slab composed of 17 sections, ranging in width from 2.4m to 2.7m. The concrete is finer (smaller bluemetal aggregate) than Inventory No. 8 slab to which it abuts. It is 53m long and 7.7m wide. The edge butting slabNo. 8 is gently rounded. No modification of its surface is apparent except for its penultimate slab at its eastern endwhere a rectangular and metal (sheet iron) lined vehicle inspection pit (1.0m x 6.6m) is cut through the slab. Thedepth of this pit is unclear.



Associated Items: One large open sided pre-fabricated metal clad hut and one vehicle inspection pit - Iterns 3-14



Name: Concrete Slab and Hut (OH20)



HOLSWORTHYFIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

No.: 10Name: Ablution Block 1 (shower)

I1995 1

1-::----:------------'---------1�Location: Southwest corner of the central enclosed compound

L-P_h_ase_lD_a_te_:_1_95_0s_·_1_l%Os__N_at_io_n_a_I_Se_rv_i_ce_T_r_ai_n_in_g_s_ch_e_m_e_. .L-1_n_te_rp_l'e__t_iv_e_p_o_t_c_n_ti_al_:_Lo_W --11,periOd

Associated Items: Items 3-14

t--Ph_o_t_o",,-ra---,,_h_s:_F_ie_ld_B_&_W_:_B_.4_._12 ~1Significance Assessment

National 0 Local 0 IState 0 Low 0'Regional 0 Detmcting Element 0

II

II

Recorded by: Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Jul , 1995

Description:Northernmost ablution block in southwest corner of the enclosed encampment comprises a flat horizontal concreteslab. Coarse concrete with dense blue metal aggregate. The slab measures 5.5m by 16.40m and is surrounded by aIOcm thick and IOcm high concrete plinth reinforced by steel wire which runs vertically through the exterior wall. Acemmic down pipe (coarse earthenware) cuts the slab adjacent to, and midway along, the footings eastern end.Various 'shadows' apparent on the surface of the slab indicate the previous existence of the internal division of theblock into shower stalls and cubicles. Existence of several bolts cast into the insitu concrete indicate the fastening ofthe bottom plate of a timber framed wall to the slab.


No.: ] 1


GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th Jul , 1995

Description:Comprises a flat horizontal concrete slab of coarse matrix, with a high density of blue metal aggregate. The slabmeasures 5.5m by 16.4m and is surrounded by a IOcm thick and lOcm high plinth, re-inforced by steel wire. Theexterior face of the plinth is cement rendered. The flat horizontal face of the slab was formerly painted red. A 20cmrectangular drain runs through the centre of the slab for its length. Running parallel with this runoff channel are 10coarse earthenware ceramic downpipes spaced equal distances apart. The two downpipes at the slabs western andeastern ends are set into small rectangular brick lined sumps, 1.7m x 60cm and one brick coarse high and which arecement lined on the interior faces. The distance between Ablution Blocks 1 and 2 is 6.0m.

Significance AssessmentNational 0 Loeal 0State 0 Low 0'Regional 0 Detracting Element 0


Associated Items: Inventory Nos. 3-] 4

Location: Southwest corner of the central enclosed compound

Name: Ablution Block 2




No.: 12

Location: Southwest corner of the central enclosed compound

Name: Ablution Block 3

I1995 I

IPhase/Date: 19505/196Os National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Low IperiodJ----------L-----------I


~P......ho-t-0..sz.::....ra~h......s-:......F......ie:..:.ld-=--.:..B_& W_:_B .4_.1......5 ~ ISignificance AssessmentNational 0 Loeal 0State 0 Low 0' IRegional 0 Detmcting Element 0

Description:Concrete pad, south of Ablution Block 2 (Item 11). The slab is of concrete with blue metal aggregate and ishorizontal, flat sided and measures 3.8m x 3.1m The northwest and northeast corners of the structure show evidencefor ferrous bolts associated with fastening a timber framed building to the pad.

IIIIIIIIIIII

~--------------------------.---------------IRecorded by: Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th 1ul , 1995

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LID, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811 III

1995

No.: 13

o0"o


Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date orSune : 19th Jul , 1995


Description:Lower concrete slab measures 24.3m by 6.3m.It is composed of coarse fabric with crushedblue metal aggregate. Its sides are flat and it iscomposed of eight individual sections ranging insize from 2.1m to 3.5m. Two separate concreteslabs have been laid upon the lower and earlierslab at both its western and eastern ends. Theupper slabs are 7.4m x 5.8m and are 12cm thick.They are composed of a single piece of finergrade concrete with a highly crushed blue metalinclusion and are flat sided. Above the westernslab is constructed a pressed and riveted metalhut of prefabricated rectangular formworkcorrugation lOcm wide. This is marked OHI9.The shed has four windows measuring 95cm x14cm; three along the northern long side andone along the southern. The short sides possesseither a single door access or a double swingdoor. The roof is an obtuse pitch, andoverhangs the east and west walls of the hut by3Ocm. The walls are 2.9m high and the apex ofthe roof is 3.6m from the surface of the upperslabs. The construction date of the hut and theupper slabs is c.1970. Distance from InventoryNo. 5 is 2.70m.

Phase/Date: 1950s/1%Os National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod


Associated Items: Two separate upper concrete slabs and one pre-fabricated pressed and riveted metal hut.Inventory Nos. 3-15

Location: Northeast of central enclosed compound

Name: Concrete Slab Supporting Store Hut OH19


II HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


No.: 14

Photo ra hs: Field B & W: BA.19

Location: Northeast of central enclosed compound

Name: Concrete slab



Description:Flat rectangular concrete slab which measures 24.5m by 6.3m. It is composed of coarse fabric with crushed bluemetal aggregate. Its sides are flat and it is composed of 8 individual sections ranging in size from 2.1m to 3.5m. Thedistance to Item 4 is 3.70m.


Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date of Surve : 19th Jul , 1995



No.: 15

Interpretive Potential: Low

ooo


ooo


Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th Jul ,1995

Phase/Date: Unknown

Location: Northwest precinct

Description:This feature consists of a gently curvedalignment of sandstone rubblefragments (un-bonded) approximately1O-15cm thick and with an outercurvature of 4.70m. No constructiontrench cut for the sandstone isapparent, indicating this alignment isunlikely to be the surviving curve ofthe upper courses of a well or cistern.It occurs within an area of heavilyeroded sub-soil (vehicular track). Itmay represent the surviving remnantof an ornamental track border, gardenbed etc.

NationalStateRegional

Associated Items: N/A

Name: Irregularly Curved Sandstone Alignment

Significance Assessment




I1995 I

No.: 16Name: Ablution Block 4

Location: Southern central enclosed compound


IPhase/Date: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Low Iperiod1---- ------1..-----------1


t-::-P-:--ho_t":'"':o~ra---A-h-s::_F-i-e-ld-B-&-W-:-1-.-16-----------------------------tlSignificance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0State 0 Low 0 IRegional 0 Detracting Element 0

Description:Flat rectangular horizontal concrete slabfooting. It measures 12.70rn x 4.0rn and isdivided into two rooms by a Bern thickplinth. The eastern room is 4.90rn x 4.0m.The exterior plinth which surrounds theconcrete slab is lOcm high and 8 cm thickand has steel bolts spaced every 40crn of itsfour sides. Abutting the western 'retaining'wall of the western room is a ferrous grateset in to a cement surround which drainedwater from the roof of the structure. Item 16is located 1.5rn south of Item 12, separatedby the cyclone wire fence which encloses thecentral enclosed compound.


I


II

No.: 17

PhaseIDate: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod


Photo ra hs: Field B & W: 8.5.3

Location: South central enclosed compound

Name: Concrete Slab

Description:Flat horizontal concrete slab composed of 18 separate sections which vary in width between 2.0m and 13.5m. Theslab is 24m long and 6.2m wide and is flat sided with no modification of its surface being apparent. The fabric ofthis slab is coarse, with crushed blue metal aggregate occurring in dense clusters. The distance between Item 17 andItem 18 is c.5Ocm.

Associated Items: Items 16-20

S~nificanceAssessment

National 0 Local 0State 0 Low 0Regional 0 Detracting Element 0


HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIEl.D HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995



Description:Flat rectangular concrete slab with blue metal aggregate composed of 18 separate sections. It measures 24.6m by6.2m and is flat sided with no modification of its surface being apparent. The distance betwccn Item 17 and Item 20is 7.5cm.

No.: 18


Name: Concrete Slab

t---Ph...:...o...:...t_osz.ra;.......L...:...h...:...s:_F...:...i...:...el...:...d...:...B...:......:...&_W_:_l_._18 --11Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0 IState 0 Low 0'Regional 0 Detracting Element 0

I1995 I

IPhase/Date: 1950$/1%Os National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Low Iperiodr-:---:---~=----_--L..---_------I


IIIIIIIIIIII

Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Jul , 1995 I"---l:--_~~__~_~--"-'------'


II

1995

Name: Concrete Slab


PhaselDate: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod


Photo hs: Field B & W: 8.5.8Significance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0


o0:o

Oescription:Flat horizontal concrete slab composed of 18 separate sections ranging in width between 2.0m and 3.5m. The slab isof a coarse blue metal aggregate matrix, is flat sided with no surface modification and is 24.6m long and 6.3m wide.The distance between Items 17/18 and Items 19/20 is 7.5m.




Description:Flat horizontal concrete slab with blue metal aggregate composed of 18 separate sections ranging in width from 2.0mand 3.5m. It measures 24.6m by 6.2m and is flat sided, with no modification of its surface apparent.

No.: 20

Photo ra hs: Field B & W: 8.5.6

PhaselDate: 19505/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod

Name: Concrete Slab


Associated Items: Inventory Nos 16-19

Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0State 0 Low 0'Regional 0 Detracting Element 0

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

L..-R_ec_o_rd_ed_b""y_:_D__o__m;;,;.i;;,;.n;,;.;ic__S;;;.t;.;;,e.;;.;el;.;;,e..:a;,:,:n..:.d..:.H.;;,;u:;.;w,;,..::;B.;;.;a;..;rt.:.;on~ --L...:D:..;a:;;,;:t.;;.;e..:o.:.f.::S.::u.:.rv__e;;.&..;.:_1;;;.9__t;;:.h.;;.;J.:;"ul~, ..:.199;...;...;5~---I1GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

II

No.: 21

o&:Io


B.2.14Photo ra hs: Field B & W:

PhaseIDate: 1950s/1960s National Service Training Scheme Interpretive Potential: Lowperiod


Location: ('~ntral enclosed compound

Name: Access Track

Associated Items: Access track No. 2

Description:Portion of aceess track within enclosed central compound running along the western boundary of the compound. It isorientated approximately north/south and is between 6-10m wide. The surface of the track is composed of deeplyscoured bitumen and clinker which has been graded. This surface overlies an eroded and impoverished B unittopography (ironstone and shale in a clay matrix). No road base is apparent. Where erosion scours occur, thedepressions have been filled with sandstone rubble and compacted.


GODDEN MACKAY .PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

HOlSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995



No.: 22Name: Demolition Rubble


Phase!Date: Post World War I

Associated Items: Inventory Nos. 23-25 and 27

Photo ra hs: Field B & W: 2.2Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0State 0 Low 0Regional 0 Detracting Element 0

Description:Irregular rectangular area of demolitionrubble orientated east/west, coveringapproximately 42m x 18m, likely to beresultant of the removal of a series ofstructures. Fabric consists of irregularfragments of yellow and pink sandstone upto 1m x 1m in dimension, cement with upto lOcm sandstone aggregate, concrete withblue metal inclusions and cement render upto 5cm thick. Also scattered in lowfrequencies across the area are small piecesof orange-red sandstock with cinderinclusions and dry-pressed shale brickfragments. Fragments of coarseearthenware sewerage pipes are also inevidence. The area is very heavilydisturbed and deeply rutted. No structuralelements are in situ, and no associatedarchaeological deposit is apparent.


I1995 I

I,-----11

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Jul , 1995


II

II 1I0LSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995

INanH~: Concrete and Brick Stormwater Drain Inspection Box


No.: ::n

I Phase/Date: 1950s!l960s National Service Tnllnlng ~ctlerrlC Inl""1n''''fi\(,~ Potl~ntial: Low

Associatt~d Items: Coarse earthenware large diameter drain PI[K'S

l>estTiption:Located adpcent to Artillery Road which forms the northern boundary of the study site, the storm water draininspectiun box is constructed of dry pressed brick which arc cement rendered, both un their Interior and exterior face.It measures approximately 1.lm square and is 1.0m deep. Two earthenware pipes enter from the eastern side of thestructure, un of a diameter 2Rcm and the second 20cm. The alignment of these pipes leads to the area of rubble (Item

which is located c.15m to the southeast. A single ceramtc pipe (15cm in diameter) leads from the northwestcorner of the structure and leads to a small rectangular 70cm x 60cm x 50cm inspection port 2.0m to the northwest ofthc mam inspection box. This subsidiary structure ts also of brick and cement lined, and is capped with an Rcm thickconcrete cover.

ooo

LA)calU)W

Detractlf1g Element

2.3I'h"tno.-",nh,,· Field B & W:

Significam'e AssessmentNatlonal 0State 0

o

II

I

III

I

GOODEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 3194811

._._------------------------Ret:orded by: Dominic Stecle and Huw Barton Hate of Survey: 19th Jul 1995

)It

~"l~,.1_, ....~,

I

I

II

I

II

I

I

I

1I0LSWORTIIY :FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

Name: Linear Briek Structure


No.: 24

1995

III

Assodated Items N/A

Phase/Date: Unknown

Photographs: Field n & W: 2,4

Significance AssessmentNatIonal 0State 0Regional 0

LocalIDw

Detracting Element

o

o

lnterploctive l)otential: Low

III

DesCl'iption:Consists or a lInear alignment (north/south)or IX extruded orange bricks with cinderlI1elusions. The single course of bricks arcbordered by loosely bUlling half headerbricks. No bonding is evident. Thestructure is 2.5cm long and 0,40m wide andappears to be only a single course in depth.It occurs in a heavily eroded and cleared Bunit environment. A"sociatedarchaeological deposit and/or structuralfeatures not evidence during fieldInspectIon are unlikely to be present.

IIIIIIIIIIII

Recorded by: Domll1lc Steele and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Jul !. 1995 IGODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORCa: STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 3194811

II

IHOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING I)ROJECT 1995

Int(~rpretive Potential: Low

ooo

LocalLowDetractIng Element

Unknown

Lo(:ation: Northwest precinct

l'hasefl)ate:

Phnt'l(}r~Ul,h<:· Field n & w: B.5.16

A<;sociated Items N/A

Name: Linear Concrete Structure

Signilicance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0I

IIII

II)cscription:

E:ast!west OrIentated llllear wall. It consists 01 a SIngle set!mCnl or concrete with blue metal and riveraggregates. It measures 4.50m in length and IS Wem wIde No looting trench IS evident and it is at least 20cm hIgh.

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

Recorded by: Dominic SleeIc and Huw Barlon Bate of Survey: 19th Jul , 1995

GODD MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

IHOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE· ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

Name: Concrete Slab

Lot'ation: Southwest precll1ct

No.: 2()

1995 II

Phase/Date: 1950sl\960s National Service Traimng Scheme

period

I

III

I

II

III

I ntt'rlllrt'~th'e Potential Low

I)hotogr''' hs: Field B & W: 2.6

-~,'''' ---:'-"

DestTiption:Flat rectangular concrete slab, composcd 01a single segment with blue metalinclusions, and covered with bitumen. Itssurface is unmodified. It measures 21.0mby 6.4m and is divided into three sectIOnsof irregular dimension. The western spaceis c.2.5m wide, the central space 9.0m andthe eastern space 9.5m. The plinthsurrounding the concrete pad, and dividingthe slab internally into three separatespaces, is approximately 12cm wide.

Associated Items: Unknown

Significance AssessmentNatlonal 0 Local 0State 0 Low 0'Regional 0 Detracting Element 0

IIIII

I{ecorded by: Dominic Stecle and Huw Barton Date ofSlIrvey: 19th July, 1995 IGODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 I'll (02) 3194811

II

I1995

Interpretive I)otential: Low

ooo

LocalLowDctracllng r,ICmCIlt

N/A

I)hase/Date: Unknown

Assodated Items

I)hoto '("Id hs: Field n & W: 2.7

Signifi(~anee AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0

Location: Northwest precInct

Name: Cement Down Pipe

I HOIBWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT

IIIIIIII

Hescription:This feature is an approximately square cementlll1cd draIn/down pipe (measuring 80cm x 75cm and 60cmThe environmental context of this feature is extremely disturbed; displaying isolated sandstone fragment';, cementand render pieces and bricks. The area IS deeply scoured and rutted with vehicular trucks. Moveable artefacts (basemarked beer bottles, lamp and electriCIty pylon Insulator pIeces) in the adjacent area arc consistently dated to the late

1950s and early I 960s.

IIIIIIIIIII

Recorded by: Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Hate of Survey: 19th Jul I, 1995

GODDEN MACKAY PTY I,Tn, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RE(:ORDING PROJECT

Namc: Irregular Sandstone I)eposlt

[..ocation: Southwest preCInct

No.: 2H

I1995 I

I

I

I--p_h_a_se_I_D_a_t_e:_l_J_n_k nt_)\__vn . -L_n_t.,_.r_n_r~_.~i~:.__P_o_tc_'.n_t_ia_I__:__I_,(_l_\__V ~ IAssociated Items NIA

Pho~Jrnphs:F~ld"&W· B421 --------------------.--------------.--.-----~ISignitkancc AssessmcntNational 0 Local 0State 0 I.mv 0Regional 0 Dctracllng Element 0

Description:Area of irregularly Jumbled sandstonc blocks with no alIgnment or bonding. Feature consIsts 0121 blocks ranging in Isize from 1.15cm x 5()cm x 25cm to :~()cm x 2()cm x 2()cm. The area covered by these blocks IS (lm x 4m. A lew ofthe blocks arc dressed and arc squared in form; and at least onc displays traccs of whltcwash on onc face. Themajority arc irregular 1I1 siLe and form. These blocks arc very unlikely to be In situ, and no assocIated in situ leatures Iand deposit arc therefore likely to he associated.

IIIIIIIIII

Rc('onlcd by: Donllnic Stecle ami fluw Barton Date ofSurvcy: 19th Julv. I<N") IGODDEN MACKA Y PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

II

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD 1I0SI'ITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING I>ROJ ECT 1995

No.: 29

o

o

Cl

!.oealLow

Description:Area of what arc, In relation to the surrounding under-storey, an ornamental stand 01americanus. Then location (numbe up to 40 plants) IS very hmited, covering an area 10 x IOnL Sandstock brickfragments and isolated bitumen may represent the adjacent location of a former structure No structural or

archaeological evidence is evident wllhin the immedIate vicinity of this feature.

Field B & W:

Phase/Date: UnknDwn IJotential: Low

L,ocation: SDuthwesl ncl

Significance ASst~s.'iment

National 0Slate 0

o

As.<;ociated Items: Isola ted sandslock hnck lragme nIs

Name: ()rnamental Stand o!


Recorded by: Dorninic Steele and Huw Barlon Date of Survey: 19th 1995

GOODEN MACKAY PTY 1.'1'0,78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02)3194811

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAl., RECORDING PROJECT

Name: Barbed Wire Perimeter

Location: Parade Ground and Southeast precInct

I}hase/Date: 1950s/l960s National ServIce Trallllng ~ctleflle

period

I nl ..rl[}(...'~ti,,'e Potential: Low

No.: 30

1995

IIII

Associated Items: Inventory No 31

I}hotographs: Field B & W:Significan<.~e AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0

LI0/211---"----~,~"'-,_._._._._,,,,~

LocalLowDetractIng Element

o[2]

o

II

Description: IThis feature comprises the barbed wire entanglements around the north and western boundarIes of the parade groundand extends into the northern portion of the southeast precinct of the study area. It consists of double rolls 01eoncertina wire along with four parallel strands of barbed wire which arc fastened to star pickcL<; Viii a notch cut tnto Ithe side of the picket and which arc spaced every 4rn. The IIlner sides of the eastern and northern parade groundperimeters display the following wire arrangement

••••

Four strands of horizontal barbed wire fastened to star plckcL<;

One roll of concertina wire

Four parallel strands of wire attached to a second alignment of star pickeL<;

A roll of concertina wire on the outside of the complex.

II

Combined, these wire arrangements constitute a thIckness of 3.5-4.5m with a height of c.2.5m. I1-------------------1

IIIIIII

Recorded by: Dominlc Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSur-vey: 19th July, 1(}95 IGODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) ]194811

II

1995

No.: 31

nff"rnrt·'ivp IJotential' Low

ooont

IDeall,ow

Detracllng

N/A

Descri ption:Cleared and open area formerly used as a parade ground, now a vehicle parking area. It IS bordered on Its northernand eastern perimeters by the barbed wire entanglements (Item 30). It is covered with loose blue-metal and bitumenIrl patches. Numerous erosion gullies arc evident.

Phase/Date: 19.'10s/l960s National Service Trammg Sehemc

Lonttion: Parade Ground

,JhntfHJr'l'4nh,' Field n & W: 2. 12

Assodated Items:

Significan<~e AssessmentNational 0Statc 0RegIOnal 0

Name Parade (,round Clcanng

IIIIII Recorded by: Domi nie Steele and Huw Barton Date of Surve : 19th Jul , 199.'1


II

II HOLSWOI~TIIY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - AIU:IIIVAL RECORDING PROJE('T

IIIIIIIIIII


Namc: Concrete

Phase/Datc: 1950s/1960s NatIOnal Servlcc Training SCI1ClllC

pCrlod

Associatcd Itcms N/A

I n ll"rlnr-"hi" Potcntial: Low

No.: 12

Photographs: Ficld B & W:Significancc AssessmcntNatIOnal 0State 0Regional 0

LocalLow

Detracllnl.',I.lcmcnt

l>cscri ption:Irregular patch of concretc, adJdccntlo lhcbarbed wire (Item 10) located at thesouthern cnd of the parade ground (Item11). It measures 3.1m x 3.7m and is inpoor condition. No modification or ttssurface is apparent. Located 2.5m to thcwcst of this concrete patch is a small

diameter (l5cm) coarse earthenware dnllnpipe orientated north-south.

Approximately I m of this pipe IS exposed.T'he association or the two features IS

unclear.

IIIIIIIIIII

,---R_{'_c_or_(_lc_'(_1_b.:,.Y_:_I_)l_ll_ll_Ir_li_c_S_'lc_'C_'I_c_ii_n_d_l_ll_1V_I._I_3~_1r_tl....:.)[1....:.. --J....:.....:.l>_a....:.tc_·....:.o....:.f_S....u....r_v-'cy'-':....:.....:.1_l)_t1_1_.Il_I1-,-'_'_1_()_9_5_--l IGODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, RED FERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

II

No.:ll

1nterpretivt~ I'ott,ntial: Modera te

oooj,'i,'"',,nn Element

I.(lcal

IAlW

Road

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 I'll (02) 3194811

Recorded by: Date of Survey: 19th Jul 1

Des{'ription:Artillery Road which runs approxl cast/west repreSenL\ the northern boundary of thescaled with bitumen, it is approximately 6.0m in width. The sandstone kerbing which forms the perimeter of the

bitumen surface possibly dates from 191

I'hase/Date: World War I

Photogrdphs: Field B & W: B. 21

Signilicanct' A,ssessmt'ntNational 0State 0Regional 0

Associated Items: Inventory Nos, ,+2 ,IlH!')O

LOl'1ltion: Northern preell1eL\

Name: Artil

1I()[Je')WORTIIY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - AR(:HIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995


I

III

I

I

II

I

I

II

I

II

1995

No.: 34

I ntpr'lrH'i"tiv't' Potential Low

ooo

Local!j)W

DetractIng Element

2.ISPhotographs: Field B & W:

I

Phase/Date: 19S()s/l9iJOs National Service Tramingperiod

Description: I!"ocated adjacent to the northern boundary road, the structure is a rectangular dry pressed bnck buIlding bonded withcement which measures If] plan 4.2m x 6.7m. Its northern and southern walls dlsplav onc window and 2 smallrectangular venL<;, whIle on its eastern wall there is a double swing timber door access. The rool is 01 libro tile. IAllached tot he rear (south) of this small building is an electnc transformer cnclosed In a rectangular wire cage

mcasuring 201 x "lm

LO('ation: Northcast preclf]ct

I

Associated Items


Name: [:':Icctnclty Suh Station (OH 13)

L..;;.R.....e_c_o_r<_1_e(_1_b-"}_·:_D_O_I1_11_n_1c_:_S_te:...:'l.....~ Ic.....' .:.:a.:.;,n.....d...:.l.:..lt:.l\.:.:.v..:.I:..~:.ar:...:t\.:.:.).:.:.n --L_I_)l_(t_e_I_It_·S_'I_J.....rv_e....:·y.....:_1_9.:.:.tl.....l _J_u...i,1V...:,',_1.....9_9.....S_----JIGODDEN MACKA Y PTY LTD, 78 (a~ORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 I'll (02) 3194811


I

II HOIBWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSI)ITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL n.ECORDING PROJECT 1995

Namt.': DemolitHHl Rubble

I Lonltion: Northeast precinct

B.7'i

[DcalLowDetracting Elcmcn

I Phase/Date: Post World W_,tr.__ l . ._._

Associated Items N/A

IField B & W:

Significance Asscs.<;mentNational 0State 0I Regional 0

o

o

Intt.'rprctive Potential' Low

Descdption:I Located within the alignment of the orIglllal c.l') I roadway as Indicated by Itcm SO, thiS demolition rubble IS

scattered across an area measuring approxlmately~()mx JOm. Likely to be resultant of the removal of a series otstructures, the extant fabric consists of sandstone fragments, concrete with blue metal a~gregate, cement render and

I both orange-red extruded and dry pressed bricks wllh yellow-white render The area is very heavily disturbed anddeeply rutted. No structural features arc in situ, and no associated archacologlcal deposit is apparent.

IIIIIIIIIII Reconled by: Dominic Steek and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th July, 199'1

GOOOEN MACKAY IYfY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 1)8 (02) 319 4811

II

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAI. RECORDING I)ROJE:CT

Name: Storm Water Dralr] Inspectllln Box

Location: Northeast preCinct

Phase/Date: 19.')Os/l960s Natlllnal Service Training

period

nt,·rr,n·tiv,· Potential I ~ m

No.: 36

1995

IIII

Assodated Items N/A

Photo Jnlphs: Field n & W: 2, I K


1J)ctl

LowDetracting Element

ooo

II

Description: IInspection port lor a large diameter storm water drain (10m in diameter), Rectangular, It IS I ,Km hy 1, 7m and It iscapped hy three concrete blocks with crushed blue metal aggregate which measure 1,44m x 04(,fl] x 0, 12m, 'rhedrain is orientated approximately north/south and entry into it is barred by three, 3cm thick verticil Iron bars, I

IIIIIIIIII

Recorded by: Domlllic Steek and lluw Barton Datt~ ofSllrV(~y: 19th Jul, 1995 IGODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

II

1995

Name: Storm Water Drain Entry Port

Location: Northeast precinct

t-P_h_3Se_ ID_._at_e_:_U_nkn__own . =sInterpretive Potential: Low -1

Associated Items NIA

Photo ra hs: .Field B & W: 2.19Significance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0


oIi:'Io

Description:This structure is a rectangular 2m x O.90m cement lined storm water drain with a steel grill. It is abutted by twosandstone blocks to the south and at least one to the north which are 50cm x 5Ocm. A shallow 'u' shaped gully(l.3m wide) serving to feed excess water leads to the grate and enclosed drain from the south. The grate is capped bya concrete block measuring 90cm x 80cm x 45cm. Inventory No. 38 is approximately 2m to the northwest.

Recorded by: Dominic Stecle and Huw Barton Date orSurve : 19th Jul , 1995



Name: Storm Water Drain Entry Port


No.: 38

PhasefDate: Unknown Interpretive Potential: Low

Associated Items: Inventory No. 37

Photo ra hs: Field B & W:Significance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0

B.7.13


o0'o

Description:Located 2.Om from Inventory No. 37, the structure is a sandstone and concrete, stormwater drain port. Rectangularin form and measuring 2m x lm, it consists of a steel grate barring entry of rubbish into the drain surrounded by twosandstone blocks measuring 50cm x 50cm on each side and capped by a concrete lid.

No.: 39


Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date of Surve : 19th Jul ,1995

Description:This feature comprises three closely buttingconcrete cappings measuring 80cm x 80cmwhich are orientated approx. north/south,covering an inspection port to a storm waterdrainage complex. The southern lid displaysto 15cm diameter iron ring 'pull-up' handleson its bottom western and eastern corners.The central capping lid has a single andcentrally located handle. Located 40cm tothe west of the structure is a 20cm diameterferrous (vertical) down pipe. The fabric ofthe concrete is crushed blue-metal and rivergravel aggregate.

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LID, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

Photo ra hs: "'ield B & W: 2.21

Phase/Date: Unknown

Associated Items: Ferrous downpipe



Name: Storm Water Inspection Port




No.: 40


o0"o



Name: Demolition Rubble


PhaselDate: Unknown


Description:This dcmolition rubble scatter covers an area approximately 25m x ISm. The fabric consists of sandstone fragments,concrete with blue mctal and river gravel aggregate, cement render and both sandstock and dry pressed brick. Thearea is hcavily disturbed and deeply rutted. No structural features are in situ, and no associated archaeologicaldeposit is apparent.


Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSunre 19th Jul , 1995



1995

Name: Storm Water Drain Inspection Port


Phase/Date: Unknown


Photo rn hs: Field B & W: 2.23




ooo

Description:This structure is a Llm square, dry pressed brick inspection port two courses high above ground and is capped bytwo concrete slabs, each measuring 85cm x 35cm.

Recorded b : Dominic Steek and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th Jul ,1995

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET,:REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811


No.: 42Name: Sandstone Curbing

I1995 I

I-------·-------L----IILocation: Northeast precinct

t--:-P_h_ase--::-lD_a_te-::_w_o_r_ld__w_a_r_I -:-::-_---==----- .L-I_n_te_rp_re_t_iv_e_p_ot_e_n_ti_a_I:_M_O_d_e_ra_t_e ~ IAssociated Items: Inventory Nos. 33 and 50

ooo


Photo ra hs: Field B & W: 2.24Significance AssessmentNational 0State 0Regional 0

Description:Located in the north-east corner of thestudy area and running paml1el with thewestern corner of Artil1ery Road, thisfeature consists of 6.1Om of sandstonecurbing. It comprises 10 individual stones,each of which measures between 55cm and75cm in length. No guttering is evident.The stones are all worn and rounded.

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

L.-R_e_co_rd_ed_b-=y;,..:_D_o_m_i_ni_c_S_te_e_l_e_a...;,n...d.:.H,;;.;u.....w-:;B:.:;a...;,rt:.:;o.:.;;n --l._D...a...;.t...e...o...f...S...;,u...;;rv...;,...;.e::..y...: ...;;1...;.9.;.:th.:..;..Ju...;,IJI..:...'.;;.19...;,9...;,5_---.1 IGODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

II

No.: 43


ooo


3.1Photo ra hs: F'ield B & W:

Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSune : 19th Jul ,1995

PhaselDate: Unknown

Description:Irregularly rectangular in form and adjacent to Items 42, 44 and 45. It measures lAm x 1.7m and is OAm high. Itcomprises of variously sized and shaped sandstone pieces which have been cemented together. These pieces range insize from 20cm x 20cm to 60cm x 6Ocm. Its northern face incorporates a cylindrical beam 1.2m long and 15cm indiameter which has likewise been cemented to the sandstone and cement matrix. The structure appears to be largelyornamental in function.



Associated Items: Item 44

Name: Irregular Sandstone Structure





Description:It is an elongated oval in shape, approximately 6.0m long, 2.6m wide and 0.30m in height. It is orientatednortheast/southwest and only its southwest portion survives. It is composed of irregular sandstone fragments whichare cemented together. Its surviving northern face incorporates two elongated rectangular blocks measuring 1.1m xO.22m x O.l4cm and a fragment of a timber beam at its extreme north-western end. These components may representpost construction repairs. The similarity of fabric and construction of Inventory Nos. 43 and 44 suggest the twofeatures may be contemporary. The structure appears to be largely ornamental in function, such as a garden border.

No.: 44


Name: Irregular Sandstone Structure

Photo hs: Field B & W: 3.2

Phase/Date: Unknown


Associated Items: Inventory No. 43

Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0State 0 Low 0'Regional 0 Detracting Element 0

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th Jul , 1995 I~~~~~:':"::;";;';;~~ ...............--L-__L--"--"":'~---J


II


No.: 45

ooo


N/A


Name: Lincar Stone Structure

Description:Linear course of sandstone blocks running from Inventory No. 43 and paraIlel with the long (northern) axis ofInventory No. 44. The blocks are small, measuring 30cm x 15crn and are unbonded. In all, the feature is IOcm wideand 5.1 rn long. No construction trench is evident. It may represent a track or path border.

r:-P_hBSe__ID_a_t_e......: _U_nkn__own_. ~] Interpretive Potential: Low .--------1

Associated Items

Photo ra hs: F'ield B & W: 8.7.22t-=::--~'--''--_:__---:.---:.--=..::............:-::..:...:...:.=..::=----------~.------------------~


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date ofSnrve : 19th Jul , 1995

GODDEN MACKAY PTY LID, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 319 4811

II


No.: 46


ooo


Photo hs: Field B & W: 3.4


Name: Concrete and Cement Footing

Phase/Date: Post World WarII

Associated Items NIA


Recorded b : Dominic Stecle and Huw Barton Date ofSurve : 19th Jul , 1995

Description:'T' shaped cement and concrete footing, measuring approximately 16.Om x 19.0m. The southern rectangularcomponent of this structure is divided into six irregularly sized cubicles ranging in length from 1.7m to 2.7m. Allare 2.6m wide and are divided by a 1.1m wide central corridor, 3 cells being on each side of the corridor. The largernorthern rectangular component of the 'T' (measuring 16.0m x 9.5m) is composed of 10 separate concrete slabs anddisplays remnant ceramic tile flatting (each 55cm x 55cm) forming a pathway around the perimeter of the footing.The footing is 1.1Om high from ground level and are accessed by a 1.45m square set of stairs abutting the easternshort side of the northern rectangle of the 'T'. Traces of blue paint are evident on these steps. The external render ofthe footing is white with large (lOcm) gravel and blue-metal inclusions.



No.: 47


o0:o


3.5

Recorded b : Dominic Steele and Huw Barton Date of Sone : 19th Jul ,1995

Photo ra hs: Field B & W:

Name: Cement and Concrete Footing

Description:Small rectangular concrete footing measuring 2.75m x L80m and is O.7m above ground level. It is composed of asingle concrete slab with a raised cement lip bordering its four sides. This lip is lOcm high and 5cm thick. Access tothe structure is via a set of two steps, centrally located along the western (long) wall, which measure OAm x 09m.No internal division of the slab is apparent.





HOLSWORTHY }~IRSTFIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995

!---- o _

PhaselDate: Post World War II

1=--------------- ~-------

1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

HOlSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995

Description:Large flat horizontal rectangular footing composed of eight separate concrete slabs measuring between 2.8m to 3.5mx 7.6m. It is 35.5m long and raised 30cm above ground level. The surface is unmodified except for two vertical 5cmiron bolts which protrude from each corner of the eight component sections.

No.: 48


ooo


3.6N/A

Photo hs: Field B & W:


Name: Concrete Footing

Phase/Date: Post World War II

Associated Items


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

L-.R_e_co.....rd_ed_b..::.,y_:_D_o_m_l_"n_ic_S_t_e.;.;el;.;;,e.....a;;;,;n..:;,d.....H.;.;u:..;w.;...;::B.:;a:..;rt.:.on:::- --I._D_a_t_e_o_f_S_u_rv_e~y_:_l_9_t .....h_J_ul~, .:.19.....9:..;5.:...---11GODDEN MACKAY PTY LTD, 78 GEORGE STREET, REDFERN NSW 2016 PH (02) 3194811

II

HOLSWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAIJ SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 1995

Recorded by: Dominic Steek and Huw Barton Date of Survey: 19th Jul , 1995


No.: 49

Phase/Date: Unknown


Location: North central precinct

Name: Linear Brick Feature

Description:Single course of sandstock bricks orientatedeast/west comprising seven whole and halfbricks bonded with Portland cement. Thefeature is 2.1m long. No constructiontrench, associated structural features orarchaeological deposit are evident.

Significance AssessmentNational 0 Local 0~re 0 Low ~

Regional 0 Detracting Element 0



IHOl.SWORTHY FIRST FIELD HOSPITAL SITE - ARCHIVAL RECORDING PROJECT 19951



No.: 50

'fi.._.~

- wo'>~ ~ / :t"'-

Interpretive Potential: ModeratePhase/Date: World War I


Name: Sandstone Curbing


Associated Items: Inventory Nos. 33 and 42


Description:Evident in two discrete locations, one justwest of and one adjacent to, the electricitysub-station OH13 Item 34 remnants ofcurbing associated with the original c.1917Artillery Road alignment survive.Sandstone curbing to the west of OH13survives in sections up to 4m in length, onboth the northern and southern edges of theroad and indicate the road was originally7.5m wide as opposed to the present 6.0mwidth of bitumen. The blocks are 6Ocm70cm long, 15cm wide and IOcm high.Most are heavily eroded and worn(rounded). No guttering is evident. Asmall 2m patch of curbing adjacent toOH13 curves around tot the south-east andcorrelates with the alignment of road whichin c.1917 originally ran approximatelynorth/south from where it branched offfrom Artillery Road at this point. Nostructural elements of this road survive.

III1111111

I----.--------l------r-----~ I11


GODDENMACKAY

9.0 APPENDICES

Appendix A: The Burra Charter ofAustralia ICOMOS

9/1

59

GODDENMACKAY

1995 Colwell, Larcombe, Rein and Co. Site Plan

German Prisoner of War Compound c1917

German Prisoner of War Compound c1918

1945 Additions to the Barracks Precinct

Department of the Interior Plans c1950

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.5

6.0 HISTORICAL PLANS

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1 ----1

'"C"

~>v,

18

217:3

HOSPlT.-\L\SW

PL\;\,

F'~RST F'[ELD

HO L~ \\' 0 ETI-I Y

! SITE

-III

SEE SHEETS 19 - 22 fOR ROAD SURVEY PLANS

5

:

I::

I:

I:

13

!i:

!!

16 Ii

I

-"'''''''''coo,.-...:>oro".-<_rl'.....~0<011(.,..-.<' ... , .... «0-0-".-":(<00 "C 0(.'51 ..-To•..1\1I1...._Ofr(o<1. ..~

-------

(\.(cr-.o~" "'01..(...~,."n(L(':''':l,1CH1 ...-u:--".(lfO"" ",...vtfCl(COOO""To-' or e_C(oo(·"l."'J'Sool....r.:~ (j(( l.-< ...IIfh(1IoC'toe a:..flI( ....OO'< ...-.o.t:[0,:( Of .'v.<0I(~'Y DlItt (11"""-:

.C"S1rt~""'1",.."[1.[CI"",h·~'IO"(~Irl'·

SC"'ca..k :z00' .'L

""'O"'.,...lIlCC~.... t8'll' 11l'M J

'.J 01(: 60 ~a

~~ __ ~L...---:

S:4LE 11000 "ETRES

::~

~;

~

f· .,se c.· __r... _ ""'"

.... )"4. lMO)lOJl Q,,"u.Jn 1

.... ,1'1.) ~Ktto1l IU1UQf)' l'S '0002 ~) cl_' 'l}<lI4',," r

..t-t.IC"L If lJOJ~

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I

-- ._----- -------~~----J

r-: -., 10 - - ,._- :~-~----

l- . ..-1- ._-'- .....J

II

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