UNIT 4: MATTER

NATURAL SCIENCE

WHAT ARE YOU MADE OF?

Matter is…

...something that has mass (weight) and takes up space (volume), and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.

…everything around us.

Is the ice, liquid water and water steam the same matter?

Matter just changes

STATES OF MATTERThe "state" of the matter refers to the group of matter with the same

properties. In nature, we can find MATTER in three states.

Solids have a constant shape and volume. This means that a solid will not change its shape unless you break it.

The particles that make a solid are arranged close together, which allows very little movement among them.

Liquids have a constant volume, but a variable shape. This means that a liquid will occupy the same space, but it will change shape, depending on the container.

The particles of a liquid are arranged a bit looser and unorganized, and allow more movement among them.

Gasses have a variable shape and volume. This means that a gas will change to the shape of the container and it will change volume too, because it can expand or compress, depending on the space.

The particles are even more unorganized, and move even more than a liquid.

HAIL

CHANGES OF STATE

What causes these

changes?

Are they reversible or irreversible?

0º C

100º C

MELTING

SUBLIMATION

SOLIDIFICATION FREEZINGEVAPORATION

DEPOSITION (HAIL)

CONDENSATION

STAT

ES O

F M

ATTE

R

What causes these

changes?

Types of matter•It is a substance made up of one element such as gold, salt, coal, silver, nitrogen, oxygen...

MIXTURE

PURE SUBSTANCE

We can classify matter depending on its component. So it can be…

•It is a substance made by mixing other substances together. •It is a combination of different things in which the components are individually distinct.

“Lemonade is a mixture of lemon juice, sugar, and water”. “The air, water or paella are mixtures”.

MIXTURESHOMOGENEOUS

MIXTUREHETEROGENEOUS

MIXTURE

We can’t see the individual substances, but we can still

separate them

We can see the individual substances that make it up, so we can separate them easily

SALT WATER SALT EVAPORATION PONDS FRUIT SALAD 4 SEASONS

PIZZA

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

SEPARATING MIXTURESMAGNETIC

SEPARATION

DECANTATION

EVAPORATION

FILTRATION

DESTILACION

MAGNETIC SEPARATION

We can use magnetic separation if we want to separate heterogenous mixtures that consist of substances attracted by

magnets (iron) and substances that not (sand,

wood…).

Scrap metal and iron INDUSTRY

DECANTATIONIt is used to separate heterogenous mixtures made up of two liquids with different density that cannot mix together like water and oil or one liquid and a solid.

OIL

WATER

The liquid with a higher density will stay at the bottom (water) of the container and the less dense will float (oil).

If we open the tap the liquid with more density will leave the container. When everything has left it, we close the tap and both liquids are already separated.

We can also separate a solid and a liquid. Solid substances will sink to the bottom of the container. When we decant (separate) a liquid, we pour off the liquid so the solid remains in that container.

FILTRATIONIt is used to separate heterogenous mixtures made up of one liquid and a solid that is not dissolve in that liquid such as water and sand (or water and coffee).

A filter is used to catch the particles but allow the liquid to pass. Coffee grounds can be separated from liquid in this way.

Filters in face mask are used to prevent germs spreading thorugh the air as we breathe.

EVAPORATIONIt is used when a homogenous mixture is made up of a liquid and a solid such as the salt water.

If you heat the mixture, the liquid will turn into vapour/steam (evaporates) and the solid will remain (stay behind).

EVAPORATION is used to remove water in salt evaporation ponds. The sun heats the mixture, the water evaporates and the salt is left behind.

DISTILLATION It is used to separate homogenous mixtures made up of 2 liquids with different boiling points (temperature). For example: water and ethanol.

BOTH liquids are heated and because of the ethanol has a lower boiling point than water

The ethanol evaporated first and form vapour. This vapour is then collected and cooled, resulting in pure ethanol.

CHANGES OF MATTERPHYSICAL CHANGES CHEMICAL CHANGES

The material takes a different shape but it still has the same properties

The material is tranformed into different substances (its properties change).

Reversible (can be undone)

Irreversible (can not be undone)

COMBUSTION(burn)

FERMENTATION

OXIDATION (in contact with the air (oxide))

Wood into ashes and smoke

Milk into cheese or yoghurt

BASIC QUESTIONS!•Which has more density, salt water or fresh water?

•What are the three states of matter?

•What is magnetism?

•What are two properties of liquids?

•What are two properties of solids?

•What are two properties of gases?

•Are drawing pins magnetic?