Objective 5…TAKS 10th and 11th grades

Home slideQuestions from TAKS regarding force and motion :

Questions from TAKS regarding waves:

Questions from TAKS regarding energy transformations:

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Link to 10th grade study guide

Scroll to p.307 for objective 5Link to 11th grade study guide

Scroll to p.366 for objective 5

Interactive non-TAKS quizzes on the internet

Questions from TAKS about CIRCUITS

Objective

563 ques. Quiz about physics30 ques. Quiz about physics

Force/Motion 7 sets of “True or False” physics quizzes with their answers explained. They explain the formulas of the formula chart.

Newton's Laws Gravity animation Leaning tower of Pisa. Many physics explanations

Great physics simulations in English and Spanish 19 questions about the formula chart 25 questions about momentum and other formulas

Efficiency of machines

25 questions about simple machines 6 questions about machines A balancing lever animated game

Wave interactions: Interference Polarization Reflection Refraction Resonance

4 lessons and animations about waves 25 ques. Quiz about waves Nature of waves 5 question quiz 6 questions about waves 15 more questions about light and waves Interference Polarization lesson Wave quiz Color and vision 25 question quiz about light

Conservation of Energy

All kinds of short physics animations 6 questions about energy 25 questions about energy 25 questions about heat

Movement of Heat

20 questions about heat

Various energy sources

Lots of free science videos. This is a free site. You just register. Use a typical password of your own. You are in! 10 questions about electricity 8 more questions about electricity 8 questions about circuits 25 questions about electricity 25 questions about fossil fuels and renewable energies

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Force and Motion

• Speed

• Force, Work, Power

• Newton’s laws

• Momentum, Acceleration

• Machines, Efficiency

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SpeedHome

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An ant crawled from Point A to Point B in4.0 seconds. To the nearest tenth, what was the ant’s speed in centimeters per second? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.

20

4cm ÷ 4 s = 1 cm/s

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The picture shows the position of a ball every 0.25 second on a photogram. Using a ruler, determine the velocity of the ball.F 3.5 cm/sG 10.5 cm/sH 14.0 cm/sJ 28.0 cm/s

4

3.5 cmThe ruler from your formula chart:

Speed…velocity = distance ÷ time 3.5 ÷ .25

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A cold front moves from Abilene to College Station in 6.0 hours. What is its average speed in km/h?F 0.018 km/hG 16 km/hH 58 km/hJ 67 km/h

50

400 km ÷ 6 hours = 67 km/h

200

200

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Observing an approaching thunderstorm andusing a stopwatch, a student finds that ittakes 8.40 seconds for thunder to be heardafter a lightning bolt strikes. The student haslearned that it takes 3.0 seconds for sound totravel 1000 m. How far away is the storm?F 119 mG 185 mH 2800 mJ 8400 m

Speed = distance/timeKnown speed = 1000/3 = 333.33

333.33 = unknown distance ÷ 8.4333.33 x 8.4 = unknown distance

4

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The diagram represents the total travel of a teacher on a Saturday. Which part of the trip is made at the greatest average speed?F QG RH SJ T 40

12 ÷ 8 = 1.5

14 ÷ 12 = 1.16

15 ÷ 9 = 1.67

11 ÷ 15 = .73

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HomeBack to force and motion

8000 ÷ 8.5 =

A car traveled 150 km in 2.5 hours. What was its average speed in km per hour? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.

20

Speed = distance ÷ time 150 ÷ 2.5 60 km/h

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Force/ Work/ Power

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The frog leaps from its resting position at the lake’s bank onto a lily pad. If the frog has a mass of 0.5 kg and the acceleration of the leap is 3 m/s2, what is the force the frog exerts on the lake’s bank when leaping?

A 0.2 NB 0.8 NC 1.5 ND 6.0 N 11

Force = mass x accelerationForce = .5 x 3

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HomeBack to force and motion

How much work is performed when a 50 kg crate is pushed 15 m with a force of 20 N?

F 300 J H 1,000 JG 750 J J 15,000 J

42Work = force x distance ? = 20 x 15

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HomeBack to force and motion

The table shows times required for the sametoy car to travel 10 m across an identicalsection of a floor after it is pushed. Thedifference in times was probably caused bydifferences in —A force exertedB surface frictionC air resistanceD car mass

13

These 3 variables remained constant each time.

It is hard to duplicate your muscle force exactly, with each trial.

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Which lever would require the least force to lift a box with a mass of 10 kilograms?Home

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How much force is needed to accelerate a 1,300 kg car at a rate of 1.5 m/s 2?

F 867 NG 1,950 NH 8,493 NJ 16,562 N

8

Force = mass x accelerationForce = 1,300 x 1.5

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HomeBack to force and motion

A mechanic used a hydraulic lift to raise a12,054 N car 1.89 m above the floor of agarage. It took 4.75 s to raise the car. Whatwas the power output of the lift?A 489 WB 1815 WC 4796 WD 30,294 W

Power = work / time

Work = force x distance

Power = (force x distance) / time

Power = 12054 x 1.89 / 4.75

21

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HomeBack to force and motion

If a force of 100 newtons was exerted on an object and no work was done, the object must have —A accelerated rapidlyB remained motionlessC decreased its velocityD gained momentum

45

Work is force times distance.No work means either force or distance are missing.

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The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over her head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much work did she do in raising the barbell?F 380 J H 2,000 J G 982 J J 10,000 J

54

Work = Force X distance ? = 980 X 2.04

Don’t need time for work.

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Newton’s Laws

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The illustration above shows a student about to throw a ball while standing on a skateboard. Which illustration below correctly shows the skateboard’s direction of motion after the student releases theball?

If she releases it forward, Newton’s law says that she will move in the opposite direction.

1

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After shooting a cannonball, a cannon recoils with a much lower velocity than the cannonball. This is primarily because, compared to the cannonball, the cannon has a —

F much greater massG smaller amount of momentumH greater kinetic energyJ smaller force applied to it

Newton’s law…for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

12

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Which of these is the best description of the action-reaction force pair when the spaceshuttle lifts off from the launch pad?A The ground pushes the rocket up while exhaust gases push down on the ground.B Exhaust gases push down on air while the air pushes up on the rocket.C The rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the exhaust gases push the rocket up.D Gravity pulls the rocket exhaust down while friction pushes up against the atmosphere.

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HomeBack to force and motion

Which factor would most likely cause acommunications satellite orbiting Earth to

return to Earth from its orbit?F An increase in the satellite’s forward

momentumG An increase in solar energy striking the

satelliteH A decrease in the satellite’s sizeJ A decrease in the satellite’s velocity

If the speed (velocity) of the satellite decreases, the earth’s gravity will ‘win’ and pull it down.

38

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Momentum/Acceleration

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A ball moving at 30 m/s has a momentum of 15 kg·m/s. The mass of the ball is —

A 45 kgB 15 kgC 2.0 kgD 0.5 kg

27

Given: velocity or speed momentumUnknown: mass

Momentum ÷ velocity = mass 15 ÷ 30 =

Distance/timeHomeBack to force and motion

HomeBack to force and motion

Which bike rider has the greatest momentum?A A 40 kg person riding at 45 km/hB A 50 kg person riding at 35 km/hC A 60 kg person riding at 25 km/hD A 70 kg person riding at 15 km/h

40 x 45 = 180050 x 35 = 175060 x 25 = 150070 x 15 = 1050

3

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HomeBack to force and motion

According to this graph, what was the bicycle’s acceleration between 6 and 10 seconds?

A 0.0 m/s 2B 0.65 m/s 2C 1.6 m/s 2D 6.5 m/s 2

He was staying still for a while.

2 m per 1 sec

1 m per 1 sec

41

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A catapult was designed to project a small metal ball at a target. The resulting data areshown in the table. Which of these might explain the difference between the calculatedand actual distances?A The ball landed short of the calculated distance because of an increase in momentum.B Air resistance caused the ball to land short of the calculated distance.C Initial mass of the ball changed with each trial.D The metal ball was too small for accurate measurements to be made.

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Air resistance slows anything down.

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How many newtons of force does a 50.0 kg

deer exert on the ground because of gravity? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.

490

Force = mass x acceleration of gravity50 kg x 9.8 =

20

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What is the potential energy of the rock?

A 59,900 joulesB 64,600 joulesC 93,100 joulesD 121,600 joules

41

Mass x accel..gravity x height =95 X 9.8 X 100 =

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Objects of the same mass but of different sizes and shapes were dropped from a given height. Their rates of free fall were measured and recorded. Which of the following is most likely the question this experiment was designed to answer?

F How does height affect the force of gravity?G How does gravity affect objects of different densities?H How do mass and weight affect falling objects?J How do size and shape affect an object’s rate of free fall?

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All were dropped from a “given height”.

Density is not as important in freefall as wind resistance and Bernoulli's Principle

Mass is constant through the universe. Weight depends on gravity of the planet you’re on.Objects were same mass, but different sizes and shapes which could include objects with different kinds of wind resistance and Bernoulli's Principle.

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In a movie, meteoroids make several microscopic holes in a pressurized cabin in the weightless environment of a spaceship. The astronauts search for the holes by spraying water droplets from a container. If this werean actual situation, what effect should be expected?

F The drifting water droplets float to the location of the holes.G After falling to the floor, the water forms a stream leading to the holes.H The water droplets form a large sphere of water that moves away from the holes.J Pumping the trigger on the spray container increases the air pressure in the cabin.

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http://lessons.harveyproject.org/development/general/diffusion/diffnomemb/diffnomemb.html The sprayed water will go fromhigh concentration in the pressurized cabin to the place of ‘no’ molecules…vacuum of space.

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Machines/Efficiency

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Which lever arrangement requires the least effort force to raise a 500 N resistance?

46

R = 500

E = ?

R = 500

R = 500 R = 500

E = ?

E = ? E = ?

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What is the efficiency of an air conditioner if

there is a work input of 320 J and a work

output of 80 J?F 4%G 25%H 240%J 400%

80 / 320 x 100 =

10

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HomeBack to force and motion

The diagram shows an electric motor lifting a 6 N block a distance of 3 m. The total amount of electrical energy used by the motor is 30 J. How much energy does the motor convert to heat?

F 9 JG 12 JH 18 JJ 21 J 48

Joules means work.30 J is the real work.

Force x distance is the ideal work.

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Real work – ideal work = friction..heat 30 - 18 = 12 joules of heat

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The diagram shows an electric motor lifting a 6 N block a distance of 3 m. The total amount of electrical energy used by the motor is 30 J. How much energy does the motor convert to heat?

F 9 JG 12 JH 18 JJ 21 J 48

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Waves

• Waves in general

• Polarization

• Reflection, refraction

• Interference, resonance

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Which illustration best demonstrates compression waves?

37

Transverse

Compression

Both Transverse and Compression

Not applicable

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HomeBack to waves

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Put twice the waves in .5 seconds means each wavelength would be ½ of 1.25 cm.

1.25cm ÷ .5 = .625 cm

.5 seconds

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A solar heater uses energy from the sun to heat water. The heater’s panel is painted black to —

F improve emission of infrared radiationG reduce the heat loss by convection currentsH improve absorption of infrared radiationJ reduce the heater’s conducting properties 50

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At 0°C sound travels through air at a speed of 330 m/s. If a sound wave is produced with a wavelength of 0.10 m, what is the wave’s frequency?F 0.0033 HzG 33 HzH 330 HzJ 3300 Hz

38

Don’t need temp.

Velocity = frequency X wavelength330 = ? X 0.10330 ÷ 0.10 = ? X 0.10 ÷ 0.10 330 ÷ 0.10 = frequency

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Which wave has the greatest velocity?

Velocity = frequency times wavelength

1 x 2

2 x 8

3 x 3

4 x 1

7

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This graph shows the absorption spectrum for a certain pigment molecule. To a human, this pigment would most likely appear —

A blueB greenC yellowD orange

Whatever is not absorbed, is reflected.Our eyes see the reflected light.

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When trying to spear a fish in water, a personneeds to take into account the way light bendsas it moves from water into air. The bending oflight as it passes from one medium intoanother is known as —F reflectionG refractionH diffractionJ polarization

Diffraction is when the light waves seem to bend and spread out

14

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The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar string is determined by the —

A frequency of the vibration producedB strength of the plucking forceC distance between the stringsD shape of the guitar body 55

vibrations per second

Affects acoustics or echoing or resonance.

Affects amplitude (loud/soft.)

Distance between strings enables better finger agility.

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One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an identical fork. The two forks do not touch.The second tuning fork starts to vibrate because of —F interferenceG the Doppler effectH resonanceJ standing waves

32

Set the tuning forks side by side. Strike one to start it vibrating, then stop it with your hand. The fork that you did not strike will be resonating.  

Interference

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Circuits

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Which circuit is built so that if one lightbulb goes out, the other three lightbulbs will continue to glow?

54

If thisone goesout

The othersgo out.

If thisone goesout

The other three bulbs will continue to glow.This is a parallel circuit.F, G, H above are series circuits.

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Home

Which switch, if opened, will cause the light bulb to stop glowing?F QG RH SJ T

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If R was opened/off,the electricity would still go through S to the bulb.

If S was opened/off,the electricity would still go through R and T to the bulb.

If T was opened/off,the electricity would still go through S to the bulb.

BatteryIf Q was opened/off,the electricity would NOT make it to the bulb.

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How much current is flowing through thiscircuit?A 0.32 AB 3.1 AC 4.0 AD 12.5 A

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Current = 4 ÷ 12.5

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What is the current in a copper wire that has a resistance of 2 ohms and is connectedto a 9-volt electrical source?

F 0.22 ampG 4.5 ampsH 11.0 ampsJ 18.0 amps

46

Frequency = voltage ÷ resistance(ohms) ? = 9 ÷ 2

Current (frequency)

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Energytransformation

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conservation of energyconvection, conduction, and radiationenergy sources

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Assuming the chart contains all energy transformations in the Earth system, how much solar radiation goes toward evaporating water?F 40,000 terajoulesG 92,410 terajoulesH 121,410 terajoulesJ 133,410 terajoules

52

Add these together:And subtract from the whole:

173,410 – 133,410 == 133,410

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Which process best shows the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy?F Prevailing winds causing windmills to spinG Green plants making their own foodH Uranium producing heat to make steamJ Tides generating electricity 14

Plants use the sun more efficiently than anything known to mankind.

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Which of the following is an example of solar energy being converted into chemical energy?F Plants producing sugar during the dayG Water evaporating and condensing in the water cycleH The sun unevenly heating Earth’s surfaceJ Lava erupting from volcanoes for many days 12

Sugar is chemical energy. It has calories and joules.

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An inventor claims to have created an internal combustion engine that converts 100 kJ of chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kJ of mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of conservation of —

F momentumG inertiaH energyJ mass 48

chemical energy = mechanical energy + heat

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Energy = 2 x 2 x 4.184

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This experiment probably was set up to determine —

A how much mechanical energy the battery producesB the pH of water during electrolysisC the pressure created by an electric currentD how much energy is converted to heat

9

A thermometer

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Container P and Container Q each were filled with 0.5 liter of water. The water was heated to 90°C. The table shows the temperatures after both containers were allowed to cool for 3 minutes. Compared to Container Q, Container P is a better —

A conductorB absorberC radiatorD insulator

Small change.

Larger change.

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Why is the sum of the products’ energy in this reaction less than the sum of the reactants’ energy?A Energy is given off as heat.B The products absorb available energy.C Energy is trapped in the reactants.D The reactants’ energy is less than the melting point of glucose. 37

+ = +≠Reactants = Products

The energy not stored in the bonds of the carbon dioxide and water must have left in the form of heat.

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The illustrations show a conservation-of-massexperiment. The solution in the beaker lost mass because —F materials have less mass at high temperaturesG the mass of the reactants and products was less than 100 gH sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is lighter than airJ some of the water molecules turned into gas

30

Before

Before(100 g)

After

After( less

than 100 g)

Some of the water evaporated because of the heat.

REACTANTS →Products The sum of the reactants = the sum of the products.

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An inventor claims to have created an internal combustion engine that converts 100 kJ of chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kJ of mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of conservation of —

F momentumG inertiaH energyJ mass 48

chemical energy = mechanical energy + heat

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Fuel cells powered by plankton from theseabed can be used to operate instrumentsthat monitor ocean currents and watertemperature. These fuel cells get their energyby converting —F chemical energy to electrical energyG electrical energy to mechanical energyH hydroelectric energy to geothermal energyJ mechanical energy to chemical energy

16

Batteries and fuel cells change chemical energy into electrical energy.

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Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection does not occur in solids because solids are unable to —

A absorb heat by vibratingB transfer heat by fluid motionC emit radiation by reflecting lightD exchange heat by direct contact43

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The moon’s surface becomes hot during the long lunar day because the sun transfers heat to the moon. This heat transfer is accomplished almost entirely through the process of —F convectionG refractionH conductionJ radiation 8

The space between planets has no elements in itand is therefore called a “vacuum”. Only radiationcan travel through a vacuum.Convection and conduction use atoms to transfer energy.

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In which container is the substance unable to transfer heat by convection?

42

Gases and liquid can convect.

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The primary way liquids and gases transmit heat is by the process of —F reflectionG conductionH radiationJ convection

2

Gases and liquid can convect.

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A man who was sleeping wakes up because he hears the smoke alarm go off in his house. Before opening the bedroom door, the man feels the door to see whether it is warm. He is assuming that heat would be transferred through the door by —A conductionB convectionC radiationD compression

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Rule:Conduction: solidsConvection: liquids and gasesRadiation: doesn’t need matter at all

Compression: does not apply to this question.

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Fuel cells powered by plankton from theseabed can be used to operate instrumentsthat monitor ocean currents and watertemperature. These fuel cells get their energyby converting —F chemical energy to electrical energyG electrical energy to mechanical energyH hydroelectric energy to geothermal energyJ mechanical energy to chemical energy

16

Batteries and fuel cells change chemical energy into electrical energy.

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Battery-powered cars produce less air pollution than gasoline-powered cars. However, one environmental concern of using battery-powered cars is that batteries —

A are heavier than gasoline enginesB waste more energy than gasoline enginesC contain toxic substances that are difficult to

dispose ofD produce direct current rather than alternating

current

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In West Texas and Southern California, high winds drive turbines that generate electricity. One advantage that wind energy has over energy generated from solar cells is that wind energy —A is plentiful everywhereB can be generated at nightC produces cleaner energyD is free of environmental hazards 45

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