Materials I Visual Dictionary

Air Barrier Paper

• Definition:usually white polyolefin sheet material. This material is permeable to water vapor but not to liquid water or air. Its common definition is a sheet material used as both a vapor retarder and an air barrier

• What is it doing: It protects the house from unwanted infiltration of air

Attic Ventilation (Soffit)

• Why it is needed: Allows water vapor to escape and keeps the house cooler in the summer by preventing the buildup of solar heat conducted through the roofing and roof sheathing. It is best to have both low vents and high vents to keep natural convection currents that draw air through the spaces allowing for effective ventilation

Attic Ventilation (Ridge Vent)

• Why it is needed: it is a long, open assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge. It is also needed to let heat escape so the house can stay at a more constant temperature

Attic ventilation (Gable Vent)

• Why it is needed: This is a screened, louvered opening in a gable, used for exhausting ecess heat and humidity from the attic

Roof Turbine• Why it is needed:

During warm weather, the air present inside the attic heats up and since warm air rises, it tends to rise up. When the turbines rotate, they suck the warm air out through the vent thereby bringing out a drop in temperature in the attic. They are cheap and easy to install and can pump out vast amounts of air from the attic

Backhoe

• Definition and type of work: Type of excavating equipment that that consist of a large two jointed arm usually attached to a trailer or a type of front loader.

• Width of bucket: 24”

Batter Boards

• Definition and Function: Temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation. It marks a the precise location of the building on the site and are constructed at least 4 feet outside the stakes

Brick Arch #1 and #2

SegmentalRoman

Arch with a Keystone

• Definition of Keystone: A piece of stone typically larger than the voussoirs that marks the apex of an arch

Brick Arches (Centering)

• Definition: Temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault that supports masonry while it is being built before it it bonded by mortar/adhesive.

Brick Bond #1 (running bond)

• Most common type of bond used for brick veneer buildings. It is made up of many stretchers that offset each other every layer.

Brink Bond #2 (Flemish Bond)

• Flemish bond is made up of headers and stretchers layed the same pattern every layer as shown in this picture.

Brick

Sailors

Headers

Stretcher

Brick

Shiner

Rowlock

Brick

Soldier

Brick Sizes (Modular vs Roman)

ModularRoman

L= 7 5/8”W=2 1/2”H= 3 5/8”

L= 11 5/8”W=3 5/8”H=1 5/8”

Bulldozer

• Definition and use: type of excavating equipment used to transport dirt or other materials around a job site.

Cladding (Brick Cladding)

Cladding (EFIS)

Cladding (stone)

• Random Rubble

Cladding (Wood Board)

Definition of wood shingle/shake

• Wood Shingle: Made from sawing wood in the form of a shingle

• Wood Shake: Made from splitting wood into the shape of a shingle. Has a more rugged look than regular wood shingles.

Cladding (wood SHAKE)

Code Requirements (Egress Window)Height= 32”

Width= 26”

Area= 5.79• IBC Requirements:

Maximum sill height above the floor of 44 in. Minimum net opening of 5.7 sq feet. Net width of opening is not less than 20 in and net height not less than 24 in.

This window meets the code requirements because the net opening is greater than 5.7 sq feet.

Code Requirements (stairs)• Measured tread (11”) and

riser (6-1/2”)dimensions• The IBC code states that

a stairs’ rise should not be over 7-1/2” and run should not be less than 10”

• These stairs meet the code because they have the correct dimensions allowed by the IBC code book.

Concrete Control Joint

• Definition: A linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in reponse to various forces so as to minimize crachkingelsewhere in the structure.

Crack! Control Joint

Concrete Isolation Joint

• Definition and what is being isolated: Isolation joint provides a space where materials are free to expand and contract without breaking the material. In this picture The column is being isolated from the sidewalk to prevent the column from cracking from expansion of the sidewalk and itself.

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)• CMU is a concrete block

that is used for load bearing walls and has taken the place of brick in that it is now the most used load bearing wall while brick used to be. CMU’s are important due to the fact they are quick to erect and provide an outstanding wall to stop natural forces behind brick cladding.

• Standard CMU dimension: 8x8x16”

• Other common sizes include: 4x8x16, 6x8x16, 10x8x16

Concrete masonry Unit

• Two different sizes

1

2

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units (Split Block)

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units (ribbed block)

Flush Door

Exterior Panel Door

• Panel, stile, top rail, lock rail, bottom rail, transom, sidelight

Lock RailBottom Rail

Stile

PanelTop Rail

Doors (Transom)

• Definition: small window directly above a door.

Doors (Sidelight)

• Definition: a tall, narrow window along side a door.

Power Pole

Function: Transmits electricity from a power plant through a transformer (labeled in the picture) and the voltage is reduced by the transformer and supplied to near by houses in this case.

Transformer

Service Head• Also known as a

weather head. This is leads live, open wires down to the meter to read how much voltage a house uses. It is known as a weather head because it has a cap on the top of it to prevent water from getting down into the meter box.

Meter Unit

• Where live wires pass through to get inside of the house. Meters measure the amount of power used. This is why you get a power bill!

Service Panel• Provides electricity to

a house by splitting the power lines into different circuits. The black switches are known as fuses which can automatically be turned off due to an overload of power being pulled from it at a given point in time.

Duplex Receptacle• Provides electricity to

certain appliances in a just enough voltage that will power our items that need electricity. This is a GFI which stands for Ground Fault Interrupter which is required by code where places that are around water

#1 Anchor Bolt

#2 Sill Plate #5 Sole Plate #3 Floor Joist

**#5 paired with #2 on previous page (They act as the same thing in this situation)

#4 Subflooring #6 Stud

#7 Top Plate #8 Unfinished Stringer

#9 Ceiling Joist #9 Ceiling Joist

#10 Rafter #11 Roof Decking

#12 Sheathing

Front End Loader• Definition, use: Large

piece of machinery that is typically used to “load” materials from a location most commonly to put that material into some type of a transporter such as a dump truck

• how it differs from a bulldozer: it actually loads the material it uses into another type of machinery instead of pushing material around

Gypsum Board

• Definition: Interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall, plasterboard

Heat Pump

• Advantage: Rapid response time

• Disadvantage: Ducts are bulky

Compressor/Condenser

• What it is doing: Forces air through the ducts in order to cool/heat the building

It also works to compress the refrigerate into a hot gas and then condenses it into a liquid

Air Handling Unit

• What it is doing: Circulates the air around the house using a blower and passes the conditioned air through the house by a series of ducts.

Purpose of Insulation

The purpose of insulating a home is to restrict the circulation of air in and out of a house. When it is hot outside and you want it to be cool inside, a properly insulated house will retain air much better than a house that is not insulated. Insulation also saves homes money on energy use and is better for the environment to have properly insulated houses.

Batt and Loose Fill Insulation

Batt

Loose Fill

Foamed and Rigid Board Insulation

Rigid Board

Foamed

Concrete Lintel

• Definition: A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening

Mortar #1

• Industry term for joint profile : Raked Joint

• Tooled• Size (width): 3/8”• Kind of building: 3

story apartment• What type of mortar:

M (high strength)

Mortar #2

• Industry term for joint profile: Concave Joint

• Tooled• Size (width): 3/8”• Kind of building: 4

story apartment• What type of mortar:

M (high strength)

Oriented Strand Board

• Definition: A nonveneered panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure

Plumbing (Lavatory)

• Size of piping used to drain a lavatory = 1-1/2”

Pumbing (water closet)

• Size piping used to drain a water closet = 3”

Plumbing

• Manufactured tub set in framing prior to gypsum board being installed

Plumbing Roof Vent (VTR)

• What it is doing: Pipe that maintains the atmospheric pressure of a plumbing system through a pipe that goes through the roof. Does this by releasing gases through the pipe.

Photo of kitchen or bathroom sink installed in a countertop

• Drop-in sink showed in picture

Plywood

• Definition and how it’s manufactured: wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.

• Definition of veneer: thin layer, sheet, or facing

Radiant Barrier

• Definition of what it’s doing: reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy. Prevents heating by radiation.

Rebar

• Size in diameter and what # it is = 6/8”

• The purpose of grooves in rebar is to grip onto the concrete so that it acts as one unit when the concrete sets around the rebar.

Steep Roof Drainage (gutter)

• Def of gutter: channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof

Steep Roof Drainage (downspout)

• Def of downspout: Vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level

Steep Roof Drainage (splashblock)

• Def of splash: small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

Steep Roof Materials (underlayment)

• Def of underlayment and purpose: Panel laid over a subfloor to create a smooth, stiff surface for the application of finish flooring. Also a layer of waterproof material such as building felt (as shown in the picture) bettween roof sheathing and roofing

Clay Tile Roof

Definition of a Shingle

• Small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

Shingle Roof (Wood)

Metal Panel Roof

• Galvanized steel

Steep Roof (Gabel)

Steep Roof (Gambrel)

Steep Roof (Hip)

Steep Roof (Mansard)

Steep Roof (terms)Ridge: Level intersection of two roof planes

Valley: A trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes

Eave: Horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof

Rake: Sloping edge of a steep roof

Steep Roof Terms (Cont.)• Building without Fascia:

FasciaFascia: exposed vertical face of an eave

Soffit

Soffit: Undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang

Stone

• Random Rubble

• Coursed rubble

Stone

• Random ashlar

• Coursed ashlar

Vapor retarder

• What it does: layer of material intended to obstrut the passage of water vapor through a building assembly

• Which side of insulation it is most commonly put: (warm in winter)

Waterproofing• What it does:

impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation that resist water and keeps it away from the inside of the building.

• Liquid applied

Weep Hole

• Definition and what it does: Opening in the brick veneer as shown here in this picture that allows water to escape away from the inside of the house after it has seemed through the face veneer

Welded wire fabric

• Measurements of the grid in both directions: 4x4”

Window #1

• Window type: Double Hung

• Why it is this type: has two overlapping sashes that slide vertically in tracks

Window #2

• Window type: Casement

• Why it is this type: pivots on an axis at the vertical edge of the sash

Window #3

• Window type: Single Hung

• Why it is this type: Top window is fixed and bottom window can slide up an down