Visual Dictionary
By Backfill
Air Barrier Paper
Air barriers are protective, air-resistant materials applied in conjunction with a building component to prevent the movement of air through that component.
Attic VentilationSoffit Vent- An opening under the eave of a roof, used to allow air flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing.
Ridge Vent- A long, open assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of a gable roof at the ridge.
Gable Vent- A screened, louvered opening in the gable, used for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic.
Roof Turbine- Pulls and exhaustsmoist, hot air from an atticspace.
Gable Vent
Backhoe
Width of Bucket is 1’- 10”
A piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm.
Batter Boards
A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.
Brick Arches 1
Roman Arch
Parabolic Arch
Brick Arches 2
Centering- A temporary framework over which arch elements are assembled until they are self-supporting
Arch with Keystone
Brick Bonds 1
Common Bond- Stretchers entire length and height of wall
Header Bond- Field of bricks for construction of walls in the header bond pattern, with rows solely of headers displaced by half each row.
Header Bond & HeadersCommon Bond
Soldiers Rowlocks
Brick Bonds 2
Sailors
Shiners
Brick Sizes
Queen Brick- 8” x 4” x 2 2/3”
Modular Brick- 8” x 4” x 4”
Bulldozer
A crawler, equipped with a substantial metal plate, used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work.
Cladding
Brick EIFS
Stone- Random Ashlar
Wood Shingles
Wood Board
Code Requirements
Treads- 12”Risers- 6”
2’ 7 ½” wide. 2’ 3” height. Area= 5’ 9”. 12” sill AFF.
Code: Max sill height of 44” above the floor and a min net opening of 5.7 sq ft.
It meets the egress requirement because the opening is larger than 5.7 sq ft.
Code: Min 10” Treads and max 7 ¾” risers
The stairs meet the IBC because the treads and risers are within the safety range put forth by the code.
Concrete Joints
Control Joint- An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces sp as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.
Isolation Joint- A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact. A column is being isolated from a slab.
Concrete Masonry Unit
A block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block.
Nominal (Typical) CMU Dimensions- 8” X 8” X 16”
12” CMU & 10 “ CMU
1 CMU = 3 Brick Courses
Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit
Ribbed-face CMU
Split Block CMU
Doors
Transom- A horizontal bar or crosspiece that separates a door from a window over it.
Sidelight- A window or opening in or at the side of a wall, door, etc.
Top Rail
Panel
Stile
Lock Rail
Bottom Rail
Transom
Sidelight
Flush Panel Door
Electrical Components 1
Transformer box- An electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current.
Service Head- A fitting that is placed on the service drop end of service entrance cable and is designed to minimize the amount of moisture that can enter the cable.
Meter- A device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine.
Transformer Box
Meter
Service Head
Electrical Components 2
Service Panel- Distributes electrical current to the various circuits within a home.
Duplex Receptacle- Duplex receptacles usually have break-away tabs to separate the top and bottom halves so that the two outlets can be placed on separate circuits.
Duplex Receptacle
Service Panel
Framing Elements 1
1- Anchor Bolt
2- Sill Plate
3- Floor Joists
4- Subfloor
5- Sole Plate
6- Stud
Sill & Sole Plate
Studs
Subfloor
Floor Joists
Anchor Bolts
Framing Components 2
7- Top Plate
8- Ceiling Joist
9- Rafter
10- Roof Decking
11- Sheathing
12- Stringer
Ceiling Joist
Rafter & Roof Decking
Top Plate
Sheathing
Stringer
Front End Loader
Primarily used to load material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into or onto another type of machinery.
Differs from a backhoe and bulldozer by only being able to “scoop” material into its bucket and dump it in another location, not dig holes or scrape off land.
Gypsum Board
An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces.
AKA- Drywall, Plasterboard, Sheetrock
Heat Pump
Advantage-Ability to heat a house rapidly
Disadvantage- Difficult to zone because the furnace supplies air to the supply ducts at a single temperature
Compressor/Condenser- Forces air into the supply duct to move over a heating or cooling coil
Air Handling Unit- Cleans and dehumidifies internal air and redistributes the air into the house
Insulation
The purpose of insulation is to reduce heat flow from the exterior to the interior or vice-versa of a building.
Foamed Batt
Loose Fill
Lintel
A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening
Lintel
Mortar
- Raked Joint- Tooled- ½” Joint- Quadplex- Type N Mortar
-Flush Joint-Troweled- ½” Joint-Single-family Dwelling-Type N Mortar
OSB
OSB is an engineered, nonveneered wood product formed by layering strands or flakes of wood in specific orientations.
It is manufactured in wide mats from “cross-oriented” layers of thin, rectangular wooden strips compressed and bonded together with wax and resin adhesives.
Plumbing 1
Lavatory- A fixed bowl or basin with running water and drainpipe for washing
Drain pipe size on a lavatory is 1½”.
The VTR provides relief of sewer gases, admission of oxygen for aerobic sewage digestion, and maintenance of the trap water seals which prevent sewer gases from entering the building.
Drop-in SinkManufactured Tub
Vent Through Roof
Lavatory 2
Lavatory
Drain Pipe Size = 1 ½”Water Closet
Drain Pipe Size = 3”
Plywood
Layers of chipped wood are glued together, each with its grain at right angles to adjacent layers for greater strength. There are usually an odd number of plies, as the symmetry makes the board less prone to warping, and the grain on the outside surfaces runs in the same direction. The plies are bonded under heat and pressure.
Veneer- A thin layer of wood or other material for facing or inlaying wood.
Rebar
This rebar is a ground rod, coming up from the slab 1 foot.
The deformations are for better “mechanical anchoring” into concrete.
This is ½” diameter rebar.
Steep Roof Drainage
Gutter- a narrow channel forming the component of a roof system which collects and diverts rainwater shed by the roof.
A gutter’s purpose is to protect a building's foundation by channeling water away from its base.
Downspout- A pipe for carrying rain water from a roof or gutter to the ground or to a drain.
Splashblock- A small masonry block laid with the top close to the ground surface to receive roof drainage from downspouts and to carry it away from the building.
Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment: Asphalt saturated felt used beneath roofing to provide additional protection for the deck.
Shingle: A building material used as siding or roofing.
Preformed Metal Roof: A metal roof that is prefabricated and ready to be set on-site. Galvanized steel is usually used.
Clay Tile RoofUnderlayment
Preformed Metal Roof
Wood Shingle Roof
Steep Roof Shapes
Gambrel Roof
Hip Roof
Mansard Roof
Gable Roof
Steep Roof Terms 1
Fascia
Building w/out Fascia
Rake
Soffit
Steep Roof Terms 2
Eave
Ridge and Valley
Stone
Random Rubble
Random Ashlar
Coursed Ashlar
Vapor Retarder
A vapor retarder controls moisture diffusion to prevent moisture build up in the walls.
The retarder is most commonly put on the “warm-in-winter” side of insulation.
Waterproofing (white plastic)
This form of waterproofing is loosely-laid (under the WWF).
Waterproofing protects the soil under the slab from moisture so the foundation won’t settle unevenly or the slab to crack.
Weep Hole
A weep hole is a small opening left in the outer wall of masonry construction as an outlet for water inside a building to move outside the wall and evaporate.
Welded Wire Fabric (WWF)
The spacing of this WWF is 6” x 6”
Windows 1
Single-hung- This is a single-hung window because one pane moves up and down while the other is fixed.
Double-hung- This is a double-hung window because both panes move independently of each other
Windows 2
Casement
This is a casement window because it is a window with a hinged sash that swings in or out like a door comprising either a side-hung, top-hung or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a combination of these types, sometimes with fixed panels on one or more sides of the sash. Usually these windows are operated by a crank.