Visual Dictionary

Air Barrier Paper

• Air barrier paper is a sheet material used as both a vapor retarder and an air barrier.• The paper is in place to keep moisture that penetrates through the cladding to enter the structures interior.

Attic VentilationSoffit Vent Ridge Vent

Attic Ventilation(continued)

Gable Vent Roof Turbine

BackhoeDefinition: An excavator whose shovel bucket is attached to a hinged boom and is drawn backward to move earth.

Backhoes are used for excavation of a property in order to prepare it for construction

46”

Brick ArchesArch with a KeystoneRoman Arch Jack Arch

Brick Bonds

Running Bond Common Bond

The running bond consists entirely of stretchers.

The common bond is where every fifth of sixth course consists of headers, the other courses being stretchers.

Brick (Continued)

Rowlocks Headers

Bricks (Continued)

Soldiers

SailorsStretcher Rowlocks

Brick SizesUtility

3.5” x 11.5” x 3.5” Modular

3.5” x 7.5” x 2.25”

Bulldozer

Definition: A tractor with a blade in front used for pushing earth, rocks and building debris which is mainly used for coarse preliminary surface grading prior to construction

Cladding

Brick Cladding Stone Cladding

Random Ashlar Stone Cladding

Cladding (continued)

Wood Board Wood Shingles

Wood Shingles are cut pieces of wood nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

Wood Shakes are shingles split from a block of wood.

Code Requirements

Egress Bedroom Window•The IBC requirements state that there is no sill height requirement if the sill is less than or equal to 72 inches from finish grade. The minimum opening requirements are 20 inches width, 24 inches height and 5.7 sq ft area.

•This window pictured does meet IBC requirements because the opening width, height, and area all are greater than the required minimums.

Window Measurements:

32”W x 42”H = 9.33 ft2

Sill Height AFF = 28”

Code Requirements:

Stairs

•The IBC code states that stairs shall have minimum 10 inch treads and 7 ¾ inch risers.

•The stairs pictured to the right do not meet these requirements by the IBC because the treads are ¼ inch too short and the risers are ½ inch to short.

Tread: 9.75 inchesRiser: 7.25 inches

Concrete JointsControl Joint Isolation Joint

An isolation joint is a Separation that allows adjoining parts of a structure to move freely from one another, both in the horizontal and vertical directions. This example is a column from slab isolation.

A control joint is an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

Concrete Masonry Unit•CMU is an acronym for concrete masonry unit which is a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone.

•Typical dimensions of concrete masonry units are 8 inches high and 16 inches long with either 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 inch lengths.

Concrete Masonry Unit Sizes

4 Inch CMU 8 Inch CMU

Decorative C.M.U.

Split Block Ribbed Block

DoorsExterior Flush Door

Doors:Exterior Panel Door

Top Rail

Stile

Panel

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Doors (continued)

TransomSidelight

Electrical ComponentsPower Pole and

Transformer Service HeadTransformer

•The function of the power pole and transformer is to change the voltage of alternating current.

•The service head is the assembly by which electricity is conducted from outdoor lines to the meter base.

Electrical Components (continued)

Electric Meter

Service PanelDuplex Receptacle

The electric meter measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence or business

The service panel contains switches or breakers that can disconnect the house system from the power source.

The duplex receptacle is the access point for electricity within a house system.

Framing Elements

#1 Anchor Bolt

#2 Sill Plate

#3 Floor Joist

#4 Subflooring

Framing Elements (continued)

#6 Stud

#7 Top Plate

#8 Ceiling Joist

#5 Sole plate

Framing Elements(continued)

#9 Rafter

#10 Roof decking

#11 Sheathing

#12 Stringer

Front End Loader

A front end load is earthmoving equipment designed to move loose earth and/or loads into vehicles. A multi-purpose bucket is fitted to articulated arms at the front of the vehicle.

Gypsum Board

Gypsum board is an interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall or plasterboard.

Heat PumpAir Handling UnitCompressor/Condenser

•One advantage of heat pumps would be the rapid response time that it delivers.•A disadvantage to the heat pump would be bulky ducting that it requires.

Insulation

The purpose of insulation is to reduce the heat flow throughout an assembly. This creates a barrier to keep warm air inside during the winter and hot air outside during the summer.

Blanket Insulation

Insulation (continued)

Foamed Insulation Rigid Board Insulation

Lintel

A lintel is a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening. In this example the lintel is supporting a brick veneer over the opening for a window.

Mortar

Raked Joint - Tooled Joint width: 3/8”Used on Residential Structure

Mortar Grade: Type N (Medium Strength)

Mortar (continued)

Flush Joint – Troweled

Joint width: 3/8”

Used on Residential Structure

Type N Mortar (Medium Strength)

Oriented Strand Board

Oriented Strand Board is a non-veneered building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.

Plumbing

Lavatory Water Closet

1- ½” Drain Pipe

3” Drain Pipe

Plumbing (continued)

Manufactured Tub/Shower Combo Plumbing Roof Vent (VTR)

The VTR provides for relief of sewer gases, admission of oxygen for aerobic sewage digestion, and maintenance of the trap water seals which prevent sewer gases from entering the building.

Plumbing (continued)

Bathroom Under-mount Sink

PlywoodPlywood is a panel product composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.

Veneer is a thin layer, sheet, or facing.

Rebar

•Size: 3/8” - #3 Rebar

•The purpose of the deformations on the rebar are to give the concrete a better bonding surface when setting.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter: A channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof.

Downspout: A vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level.

Splash Block: a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

Steep Roof Materials

Underlayment: a layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing.

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials(continued)

Wood Shingle RoofMetal Panel Roof

Shingle: a small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

Typical materials used for metal panel roofs are either galvanized or aluminized steel.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes(continued)

Hip Roof Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge:

Valley: A through formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

Ridge: The level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof.

Eave: The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

Steep Roof Terms(continued)

Soffit: the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang.

Rake: the sloping edge of a steep roof.

Steep Roof Terms(continued)

Fascia: the exposed vertical face of an eave.

Building without a fascia

Stone

Random Rubble Coursed Rubble

Stone (continued)

Random Ashlar Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

Vapor Retarder: a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. Installed on the warm-in-winter side of a structure.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing is an impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation in order to keep water and moisture from penetrating the foundation material.The type of waterproofing show in this picture is loosely laid.

Weep Hole

A weep hole is a small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.

Welded Wire Fabric (WWF)

Dimensions:6” by 6”

WindowsCasement Double Hung

This is an example of a double hung window because or its two moving sashes that slide up and down in tracks in the frame.

This is an example of a casement window because of its concealed hardware that is used to swing open the window.

Windows (continued)

This is an example of a sliding window because it contains a sash that run along a track and moves on a horizontal plane.

Sliding