TAKS Vocab Review 2-Sided

8/7/2019 TAKS Vocab Review 2-Sided

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Political IssuesSocial Issues

Economic IssuesDomestic



Issues related to culture,work, lifestyle…

Issues related togovernment, conflict

resolution and decision-making for a group of

people.

Having to do with one’sown homeland (U.S)

Issues related to money,taxes, and production of

goods and services.





People who settle andlive in a colony

Related words:colony, colonial, settler,

settlement

Involving other countries

Gov’t process ofcharging a fee on goodsproducts, people and/or

activities.

A historic periodidentified by someprominent figure or

characteristic





To cut off supplies; a

military and economictool used to force anation or area to suffer

shortages and to give upfighting; called navalwhen ships are used

complaints

The “mother country” forthe 13 colonies; countrywe fought against for the

independence of the

United States.

Idea that people givegovernment its power

through the “…justconsent of the

governed” as stated in

the Declaration



Republic Culture (groups)

RepresentativeDemocracy

Demographic data



Way of life and thegroup(s) that live and

represent that way of life

A government thatelects its leaders

Statistics about thenumbers and

characteristics of peopleliving in an area

Government that votes

for representatives whoserve in the governmentto make and enforce lawand in the best interestof the people; the U.S.has a representative

democracy; anotherterm used forrepresentative

democracy is republic.



Levels of

DevelopmentNation

Standard of Living Distribution



Country with bordersand an organizedgovernment which freely

exercises authoritywithin the borders.

Refers to the amountand quality of economicand industrial resources,often related to national

income.

Relates to trade andhow resources and

products are divided andallocated.

Use indicators such asincome, education, birthrate/death rate, $ spent

on food, populationdensity, and so on to

determine quality of life.



Command economicsystem

Basic needs

Free enterpriseSystem

Goods and services

http://www.consciouschoice.com/2005/cc1805/img/livinggreen1805.jpg





Food, clothing, shelter(water is food).

Central governmentalowns most of the means of

production in a countryand controls most

economic decisions.

Goods (things) areproducts made for

sale/barter and services(actions) are products

people provide.

The system in the U.S.and other free marketeconomies. It includes

economic choice,competition, profit motive,

and limited governmentregulation of the economy.



Subsistenceagriculture

Capital

Market – orientedagriculture

Cottage industries



Goods used to produceother goods

Growing crops just tosupport a family and nothave any extra (surplus)

for sale.

Small-scale productionrequiring little capital

Growing crops forcommercial sale and

distribution to domestic

and international buyers.



Commercial industries

Trade

Industrialization

Technologicalinnovations



Exchange of goods andservices

Large-scale productionof goods by large

companies or

corporations

The introduction of newtechnology which oftenchanges lifestyle and

production.

The process of creatingcommercial industry

including heavy industry

such as steel



Tariff/Duty

Protective Tariff

Import Export



A high tariff establishedto protect a particular

industry.

Tax on imports andexports; in the U.S.

export tariffs areunconstitutional.

Goods sold to buyersoutside the country

Goods bought fromsellers in other

countries.



Xenophobia

LimitedGovernment

Federalism

Checks and Balances



In this type of governmenteveryone, including all

authority figures, mustobey laws. Constitutions,

statements of rights, orother laws define the limitsof those in power so theycannot take advantage of

the elected, appointed, orinherited positions.

a growing fear in theU.S. of “foreigners” ledto the rise of such

organizations as theKKK.

A system that allows eachbranch of government tolimit the powers of the

other branches in order to

prevent abuse of power

The distribution of powerbetween the federal(central or national)government and the

individual states within aunion



Individual Rights Popular Sovereignty

Landmark caseProtective Tariff



The concept that politicalpower rests with the

people who can create,alter, and abolish

government. Peopleexpress themselves

through voting and freeparticipation in

government.

These are protected by theBill of Rights and include

economic rights related toproperty, political rightsrelated to freedom of

speech and press, andpersonal rights related to

bearing arms and

maintaining privateresidences.

A tax on an importedproduct instituted to

protect local industries

Key decisions by thecourts that interpret the

law such as Brown v Board of Education which

led to integration or

Marbury v Madison whichled to judicial review.



RepresentativeGovernment

Separation ofPowers

Republicanism

John Locke

Unalienable Rights



The division of a centralgovernment into two ormore branches, each

having its ownresponsibilities and

authorities.

Power is held by thepeople and exercisedthrough the efforts of

representatives elected bythe people.

These rights arefundamental or natural

rights guaranteed topeople naturally instead ofby the law. They include

life, liberty, and the pursuitof happiness.

A philosophy of limitedgovernment with elected

representatives serving atthe will of the people.

Government is based onconsent of the governed.



Free Enterprise

System

Issues Causing theRevolution

1787 1861-1865



“No taxation withoutrepresentation”; colonialprotests against British

policies and taxes; Battlesat Lexington/Concord.

An economic system inwhich individuals dependon supply and demand

and the profit margin todetermine what to

produce, how to producehow much to produce, andfor whom to produce. The

quest for improvement

financially and materiallymotivates consumers andproducers.

The American Civil Warwas fought during theseyears. It began with thefiring on Fort Sumter and

ended with the

Confederate surrender atAppomattox Court Housealmost four years later.

Between May 25 andSeptember 17 of this year, delegates gathered in

Philadelphia to revise theArticles of Confederation.

Instead they drafted,

debated, compromised,and finally approved forratification the Constitution

of the United States.



Articles of

Confederation

Declaration ofIndependence

Bill of Rights English Bill ofRights



This document wasadopted the Second

Continental Congress onJuly 4, 1776. It

established the 13colonies as independentstates, free from rule byGreat Britain. Thomas

Jefferson wrote themajority of this document.

This document, thenation’s first constitution,

was adopted by theSecond Continental

Congress in 1781 duringthe Revolution. The

document was limitedbecause states held most

of the power to tax,

regulate trade, or controlcoinage.

King William and QueenMary accepted this

document in 1689. Itguaranteed certain rights toEnglish citizens and

declared that elections forParliament would happenfrequently. By accepting

this document, theysupported a limited

monarchy, a system inwhich they shared their

power with Parliament andthe people.

The first ten amendmentsto the Constitution(ratified in 1791)



Federalist Founding Fathers

Anti- FederalistsStates Rights



This term applies to thoseindividuals who played a

major role in declaringU.S. independence,

fighting Revolutionary War,or writing and adopting the

U.S. Constitution. Theyinclude Thomas Jefferson,

George Washington, andJames Madison.

those favoring ratificationof the Constitution and the

federalists form ofgovernment

Based on a broad interpretation ofthe 10th Amendment, States’ Rights

was the idea that states had the rightto control all issues/laws in their statenot specifically given to the federal

government by the specific words ofthe Constitution. It was used by

(mostly) Southern states to arguethat they had the right to nullify

(ignore) federal laws they did notagree with.

States’ rights became a leadingcause of the Civil War as Southernstates seceded (withdrew) from the

United States and formed theConfederate States of America in

1861.

those opposed to theConstitution because they

feared the power of thenational government in the

new federal system



16th Amendment

Magna Carta

17th

Amendment15

thAmendment

http://sacto.com/taxes/html/copyright.htm

http://sacto.com/taxes/html/copyright.htm



This document, signed byKing John of England in

1215, is the cornerstone ofEnglish justice and law. It

declared that the king andgovernment were bound by

the same laws as othercitizens of England. It

contained the antecedents ofthe ideas of due process andthe right to a fair and speedytrial that are included in the

protection offered by the U.S.Bill of Rights.

Creates the FederalIncome Tax provisions.

This was an amendmentstrongly supported by theProgressive Reformers.

This amendment grantedblack men the right to vote.

Provides for direct electionof Senators, another

amendment supported by

the Progressives.



13th

Amendment

14

th

Amendment



This amendment declared

that all persons born ornaturalized in the United

States were entitled equalrights regardless of theirrace, and that their rightswere protected at both the

state and national levels.

This amendment freed allslaves without

compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade

slavery in the UnitedStates.

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TAKS Vocab Review 2-Sided

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