Visual Dictionary

Air Barrier Paper• Air barrier paper controls air leakage into

and out of the building envelope. This allows for more durable buildings as moisture is kept out and also results in significant energy savings.

• The paper keeps air and moister out of the house and allows some air to past back outside from the inside.

Attic Ventilation Soffit Vent

An opening under the eave of a roof, used to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing.

Ridge vent

A long, open assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of the gable roof at the ridge.

Attic VentilationGable vent

A screened louvered opening in a gable, used for exhausting excess heat and humidity from an attic.

Roof turbine

Exhaust moist, hot air from your attic. Turbine roof vents work with Mother Nature to pull cooler air from outside.

BackhoeA piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader.

Used to dig out trenches for sewer, electrical, and plumbing. Also used to dig out the foundation.

The bucket width is around 2.5 feet.

Backhoe part

Batter Boards

• A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the foundation of the structure that will be built in the excavation.

Brick ArchesSegmental Jack

Arch with a Keystone

Brick bondsThis brick is laid in a running bond and the mortar is extruded.

This brick is laid in a running bond. The joint is called a concave joint, which is tooled.

Brick bondsheader

rowlocks

soldiers

Brick sizes

Brick-Modular3 5/8’’x 7 5/8’’x 2 1/4’’ Brick-paver

2.5’’x5.5’’x1.5’’

BulldozerIs equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade), used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work. The term "bulldozer" is often used to mean any heavy equipment, but precisely, the term refers only to a tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a dozer blade.

Cladding

Brick Efis Wood shingle

StoneEnglish Garden wall

Cladding• Wood shingle-a thin piece of wood,

slate, metal, asbestos, or the like, usually oblong, laid in overlapping rows to cover the roofs and walls of buildings.

• Wood shake-is a wooden shingle that is made from split logs.

Wood board

Code Requirements

24’’x 49’’= 8.16 square feetSill is 44’’ highCode states min 20’’ openable width and 24’’ min height but has to have a min of 5.7 square feet of openable area. Also sill height is 44’’ max.This window meets IBC code due to its measurements.

Tread-10’’ Riser- 7.5’’IBC code- tread- 10’’ min Riser-7 ¾ maxThese stairs meet IBC code requirements

Concrete joints joint

Control Joint- an intentional linear discontinuity in a structure or component to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to carious forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

Isolation joint- A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact The house from the porch slab

Concrete Masonry Unit• A block of hardened concrete,

with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone.

• The most common block is 8x8x16

• Concrete block, when reinforced with concrete columns and tie beams, is a very common building material for the load-bearing walls of buildings

4’’ block 8’’ block

Decorative Concrete UnitsSplit block

Doors

Flush door

Doors

Panel Stile

Top rail

Lock rail

Bottom rail

Sidelight- fixed, glazed panel on the sides of a door

Transoms- glazed panel above a door

Electrical

Underground transformer

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils.

Electrical Service head- where power enters the household from the transformer

ElectricalMeter- used to see how much power has been used so the power company can bill the place.

Service panel- is the main distribution center of your house's electricity. It's where the local utility's service lines hook up with the individual circuits that run throughout the house.

Electrical Duplex receptacle- Electrical outlet with space for two plugs.

Framing

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

10

Framing• 1 anchor bolt• 2 sill plate• 3 flooring joist• 4 subflooring• 5 sole plate• 6 stud• 7 top plate• 8 ceiling joist• 9 rafter• 10 roof decking• 11 sheathing• 12 stringer

12

1

Front end loader

is a heavy equipment machine that is primarily used to "load" material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into or onto another type of machinery (dump truck, conveyor belt, feed-hopper, rail-car, etc.)

A backhoe is mostly used to dig trenches and smaller holes. A bulldozer is used for flatten grade and move dirt around to level out lots.

Gypsum boardAn interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces

Heat pump

• The major disadvantage of the air-to-air system heat pump is its inability to operate well at very low temperatures and thus requiring a back-up system

• A advantage of a heat pump, no pilot light or vent to worry about.

Heat pump

• In heating mode, an air source heat pump evaporates a refrigerant in the outdoor coil. As the liquid evaporates it pulls heat from the outside air. After the gas is compressed, it passes inside.

Compressor/condenser

Heat pump

• Indoor coil condenses, releasing heat to the inside of the house. The pressure changes caused by the compressor and the expansion valve allow the gas to evaporate at a low temperature outside and condense at a high temperature indoors.

Insulation

Used in the construction or retrofit of buildings. The insulation is used to reduce heat transfer by conduction, radiation or convection and are employed in varying combinations to achieve the desired outcome (usually thermal comfort with reduced energy consumption)

blanket foamed

Foam insulation not only offers a great insulation value, but also provides excellent sound insulation. More importantly though, it fills every cavity and void in the exterior walls eliminating places where bugs and other pest can reside and enter the home.

Insulation

Is manufactured in panels that make it easy to clad a large area. Different types provide a range of R- values, although rigid foam generally is highly rated. It also resists water and rot from locations in the ground.

Rigid board

Loose fill

Small pieces of insulation, made from fiber glass, mineral wool that is blown into a home using a machine that houses a blowing machine. Loose-fill insulation is typically installed by a professional. Loose-fill is used for general purposes and is especially effective at filling small and irregularly-shaped spaces.

Lintel

• Is a horizontal beam used in the construction of buildings, it usually supports the masonry above a window or door opening

lintel

Mortar

• Joint is not tooled or toweled

• 3/8’’• House• Type N

Mortar joint

Mortar

• Tooled into a concave look

• 3/8’’• House• Type N

Oriented Strand Board• A building material that is a

nonveneered panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and boded together under pressure.

• Take various strips of wood, lay in all different directions. Each strip has glue on it. Once a desired thickness is reach the strips of glued wood and put into a press and compressed down and heated until the OSB panel is formed.

PlumbingDrain in the lavatoryDrain-1 ½’’

Water Closet (behind the lid) Drain used 3’’

PlumbingShower and tub installed before drywall

Plumbing

• consists of pipes leading from fixtures to the outdoors, usually via the roof. Vents provide for relief of sewer gases, admission of oxygen for aerobic sewage digestion, and maintenance of the trap water seals which prevent sewer gases from entering the building

DWV

Plumbing

• Sink is stainless steel drop in

sink

Plywood

• A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.

• Smaller wood panels are glued together with the grains facing different directions for each smaller wood panel. About six smaller wood panels are glued and pressed to make one plywood panel.

plywood

Rebar

• #2 rebar• Rebar is used to

strengthen the concrete. Rebar is deformed to help give concrete its strength in any shape or size.

Steep roof drainage

• Gutter- a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof

• Downspout-a vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level.

• Splash block- a small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

gutter

downspout splash block

Steep roof materials

• A layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing

• Helps stop moisture from entering the building from if it gets under the shingle

Steep roof materials

• A small unit of water resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

slate

Steep roof materials

• This is a copper roof

copper

Steep roof shapes HIP

Gable

Gambrel

Steep roof shapesmansard

Steep roof terms• Ridge-the level intersection of

two roof planes in a gable roof• Valley-a trough formed by the

intersection of two roof slopes• Eave-is the edge of a roof, usually

project beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection

• Rake- the sloping edge of a steep roof

• Soffit- the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang

ridge

valleyeave

rake

soffit

Steep roof terms

• Fascia-the exposed vertical face of an eave

fascia

Steep roof terms

House without fascia

Stone Coursed RubbleRandom Ashlar

Stone Random Rubble

Coursed Ashlar

Vapor retarder

• A layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly.

• The vapor retarder on insulation is usually facing the outside, but it is installed on the inside. The paper facing the OSB.

Waterproofing

• An impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation

• Liquid applied

waterproofing

Weep hole

• A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component

Welded wire fabric

• A grid of steel rods that are welded together used to reinforce a concrete slab

• 3x3 grid

Windows

• Double hung window• Has two movable

sashes that slide up or down in tracks

Windows

• Casement• Sash tilts inward, hinged

on a vertical jamb

Windows

• Fixed• Immovable sash, no

hardware, no moving parts and does not have any grills