Air Barrier Paper

• A polyolefin sheet material that is permeable to water vapor but not to air or liquid water.

• Air barriers protect the structure from weather to ensure that the interior walls do not become mildewed and corroded. Also they help to reduce energy used by limiting airflow.

Attic Ventilation Soffit Vent

located at the eave of a roof, permit generous airflow to the rafter space as they act as the intake

to the attic’s ventilation.

Attic VentilationRidge Vent

Ridge Vents, located at the highest point of a roof, allows air

to be exhausted while still protecting the attic from weather.

Attic VentilationGable Vent

located high in the wall at opposite ends of an attic. Gable

vents create a cross draft to help ventilate the attic.

Attic Ventilation Roof Turbine

Roof Turbines use wind to expel air out of the attic to ensure the moist air does not settle in

the attic and begin to mold.

Combo Backhoe/Front end loaderPiece of equipment used in the excavation of a site consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-piece articulated arm. This bucket is thirty inches wide.

Batter Boards

Boards that are set horizontally along the edge of a foundation, which are used to support strings that outline the foundation.

Brick ArchesRoman Arch

Brick ArchesTudor Arch

Brick ArchesArch with A Keystone

Brick ArchesCentering

Centering is the process of setting up temporary formwork in the process of building an arch, dome, or vault.

Brick BondsRunning Bond

• Running Bond is the simplest of the basic pattern bonds, consisting of all stretchers. Running bond can be laid in half bond, a third, or a quarter bond pattern

Brick BondsFlemish Bond

• Flemish Bond consists of alternating stretchers and headers, with the headers in alternate courses centered over the stretchers in the intervening courses.

Brick BondsRowlocks Headers

Brick BondsSoldiers Sailors

Brick BondsStretcher Rowlocks (shiners)

Brick SizesModular Standard

3 ⅝ x 7⅝ x 2¼ 3⅝ x 11⅝ x 1⅝

Bulldozer

• A heavy engineering vehicle that has a large vertically mounted blade in the front that is used to move earth, tree stumps etc.

CladdingBrick EIFS

CladdingStone Wood Boards

Random Ashlar

CladdingWood Shingles

• Wood Shakes: a shingle split from a block of

wood• Wood Shingle: is sawn

from a block of wood• This is a picture of

Wood shingles

Code RequirementsMy Window

• My bedroom window:• Width – 30”• Height – 51”• Net Opening – 10.6 sq.ft.• Sill Height – 27”

• Code Requirements:• Width – 20”• Height – 24”• Net Opening – 5.7 sq. ft.• Still Height – 44”

• My window meets the code requirements for egress as it meets the minimum height, width, opening measurements and the sill height is less than 44”

Code requirementsStairs

• My Stairs:• Tread - 10½”• Riser – 7

• Code Requirements:• Tread – 10” minimum• Riser 7¾” maximum

• My stairs meet the code requirements for tread and riser maximum and minimum

Concrete jointsControl joint

An intentional groove strategically placed to prevent cracking in a slab of concrete.

Concrete JointsIsolation Joint

• This is an isolation joint between a pool hot tub and the concrete slab poured next to it. Polyethylene foam was put between the rock wall and the slab before the caulking was put in the joint to seal it.

Concrete JointsIsolation Joint

• Isolation joints isolate concete slabs from another thing, such a wall, column, drain pipe, etc.

Concrete Masonry UnitsCMU’s

The work horses of masonry construction. In residential construction, they serve primarily in foundations, retaining walls, and fireplaces.

Concrete Masonry UnitCMU’s

• The most common CMU block is nominally

• 8 x 8 x 16 inches

Decorative Masonry UnitsSplit Block Ribbed Block

DoorsFlush Door

Doors 6 Panel Door

• Top Rail• Panel• Stile• Lock Rail• Bottom Rail

DoorsTransom

• A window above a door that is usually hinged to a horizontal crosspiece over the door

DoorsSidelight

• A tall, narrow window alongside a door.

ElectricalPower Pole with transformer

• An electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current.

ElectricalService Head

• The service head is where the power lines connect to the house

ElectricalService Head

ElectricalMeter

• Measures power usage of the home.

ElectricalService Panel

• Houses the breakers, which act as fuses, for the electrical circuits in the home.

ElectricalDuplex Receptacle

• Electrical outlet with space for two plugs

Framing1. Anchor Bolt 2. Sill Plate

Framing3. Floor Joist 4. Subflooring

Framing5. Sole Plate 6. Stud

Framing 7. Top Plate 8. Unfinished Stringer

Framing9. Ceiling Joist 10. Rafter

Framing 11. Roof Decking 12. Sheathing

Front End Loader

• Front-end loaders are used to move a material from one place to another. Unlike the bulldozer, the front-end loader can pick up material in its bucket whereas a bulldozer can only push the material. A front-end loader cannot dig into the ground like a backhoe can do.

Gypsum Board

• Wall board made of layers of fiberboard or paper bonded to a gypsum core

Heat PumpCompressor/evaporator

• Advantage: Has the ability to both heat and cool

• Disadvantage: Difficult to zone

• Fan moves outdoor air across coils containing refrigerant to change the temperature of the refrigerant.

Heat PumpAir Handling Unit

• Conditions and circulates the air in an air-conditioning unit

InsulationBatt/blanket

• Most popular type of insulation for wall cavities. Also used in some attics, roofs, and floors.

InsulationLoose Fill

• Most commonly used in attics because it is inexpensive and leaves few voids with no gaps between pieces

InsulationFoamed

• Has a very high R value• Is sprayed between wall

studs• At the time of spraying,

the components are dense liquids, but they react immediately with one another to produce a low density foam.

InsulationRigid Board

• Used where high R-value per unit thickness is necessary. Commonly found in roof assemblies, walls and ceilings where insulation thickness is limited, and in below grade areas with a special water resistant composition.

Steel Lintel

• A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.

MortarConcave joint

• Tooled, Concave• 3/8” wide• Residential Building• Mortar Type: N

MortarConcave joint

MortarExtruding joint

• Neither tooled or troweled

• ½ inch wide• Residential building• Type N mortar

Mortar Extruding joint

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

• A non-veneered building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure. The strands of rectangular wood strips are held together by a wax and resin adhesive.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

PlumbingLavatory

• 1 ½” pipe is used to drain a lavatory

PlumbingWater Closet

• 3” pipe is used to drain a toilet

PlumbingManufactured tub unit

PlumbingVent

• The Vent Through Roof (VTR) maintains a system of plumbing drains and waste lines at atmospheric pressure by connecting them to the outdoor air.

PlumbingUndermount sink Integrated sink

Plywood

• A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer and bonded together under pressure.

• Veneer – A thin layer, sheet or facing.

Plywood

• Define the word “veneer”

Radiant Barrier

Rebar

• #5 Rebar, 5/8”• Deformations in rebar

are to help prevent slipping

Steep Roof DrainageGutter

• A narrow channel which collects rainwater from the roof of a building and diverts it away from the structure, typically into a drain. The main purpose of a rain gutter is to protect a building‘s foundation by channeling water away from its base

Steep Roof DrainageDownspout

• Feeds the water collected by the rain gutter

Steep Roof DrainageSplashblock

• Used in order to prevent soil erosion/moisture problems around the foundation of a building or house. Leads the water away from foundation

Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment

• Roof underlayments are designed to protect the roof sheathing and structure from moisture and penetration. This example was a scrap piece I found on site.

Steep Roof MaterialsClay Tile Roof

Steep Roof MaterialsCedar Shingles Slate Shingles

A thin oblong piece of material, such as wood or slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof or sides of a house or other building.

Steep Roof MaterialsMetal Panel Roof

• Galvanized Steel

Steep Roof ShapesGable Gambrel

Steep Roof ShapesHip Roof Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

• Ridge• level intersection of 2

roof planes in a gable roof

• Valley• Trough formed by the

intersection of 2 roof slopes

Steep Roof Terms•EaveIs the edge of a roof. They usually project beyond the side of the building to provide weather protection.

Steep Roof Terms

• Rake• Sloping edge of steep

roof

Steep Roof Terms

• Fascia• Exposed vertical surface

of an eave

Steep Roof Terms

• Soffit• Undersurface of a

horizontal element of a building

Photo of building without Fascia

StoneRandom Rubble Coursed Rubble

StoneRandom Ashlar Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

• Placed between insulation and sheathing, prevents condensation of water vapor

• Is put on the warm in winter side

Waterproofing

• Impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation

• Prevents penetration of water

Weep Hole

• A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.

Weep Hole

Welded Wire Fabric

• Measurements

WindowsDouble Hung

• Has two panes which slide up or down onto each other

WindowsCasement

• Has one vertically hinged window swinging outward

WindowsSingle Hung?

• Why is it a single hung?